最大熵增地表蒸散模型：原理及应用综述

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2019.06.0596

地球科学进展 ›› 2019, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (6): 596 -605. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2019.06.0596

最大熵增地表蒸散模型：原理及应用综述

WangJingfeng ^1, ²,刘元波 ³(

),张珂 ¹

1. 河海大学水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室，江苏南京 210024
中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所，江苏南京 210008

收稿日期:2018-09-04 修回日期:2019-05-10 出版日期:2019-06-10
通讯作者: 刘元波 E-mail:ybliu@niglas.ac.cn
基金资助:
河海大学水文水资源及水利工程科学国家重点实验室开放基金“中国水循环演变的多尺度指数分析研究”(2017490311);国家自然科学基金项目“含迟滞效应的非参数化蒸散计算方法研究”(51879255)

The Maximum Entropy Production Approach for Estimating Evapotranspiration: Principle and Applications

Jingfeng Wang ^1, ²,Yuanbo Liu ³( ),Ke Zhang ¹

1. State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China
2. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China

Received:2018-09-04 Revised:2019-05-10 Online:2019-06-10 Published:2019-07-05
Contact: Yuanbo Liu E-mail:ybliu@niglas.ac.cn
About author:Wang Jingfeng（1963-）， male， Beijing City， Associate professor. Research areas include theory and application of hydrometeorology. E-mail： jingfeng.wang@ce.gatech.edu
Supported by:
Foundation item: Project supported by the Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering “Multiscale indicators of climate induced hydrologic cycle change over China”(No. 2017490311);The National Natural Science Foundation of China “Nonparametric approach for estimating evapotranspiration with hysterestic effect”(No. 51879255)

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精确估算地表蒸散一直是地球系统科学中的难点问题。经典的蒸散模型大多建立在水汽输送及能量平衡约束等基础上，相关的基础理论研究进展缓慢。最大熵增地表蒸散（E-MEP）模型是在综合借鉴贝叶斯概率论、信息熵概念、非平衡态热力学理论和大气边界层湍流相似性理论的基础上，建立的全新地表蒸散理论框架，克服了经典模型的主要缺陷，包括：离散梯度模型不满足能量守恒条件，Penman模型针对饱和土壤，Penman-Monteith模型需要率定经验参数等。E-MEP模型具有3个显著特点： $①$ 同时给出地表（包括水面、雪面和冰面）蒸散量、感热通量和介质表面热通量，且在所有时间空间尺度上满足能量平衡方程； $②$ 模型公式中没有可调经验参数，不依赖于温度梯度和水汽梯度变量，不需要输入风速和表面粗糙度； $③$ 适用于任何土壤含水量和植被覆盖条件。由于E-MEP模型建立在坚实的数学物理基础上，并具有解析表达式，简单易用，其输入变量和模型参数少于传统蒸散模型使用。地表辐射、表面温度、表面比湿等模型输入变量易于实地观测获取，且可通过遥感反演获得。检验分析表明，E-MEP模型优于Penman和Penman-Monteith等传统蒸散模型。这一全新的地表蒸散模型已被用于大尺度地表水热的遥感反演和过程监测，并用于改进气候模式的参数化方案。

关键词: 最大熵增模型, 地表蒸散, 贝叶斯概率论, 地表过程模型, 遥感反演

This review introduces a novel method for modeling evapotranspiration and surface heat fluxes built on the theory of Maximum Entropy Production (MEP) as an application of the maximum entropy principle to non-equilibrium thermodynamic systems. The formulation of the MEP model uses the Bayesian probability theory, information theory through the concept of information entropy, and the similarity theory of the atmospheric boundary-layer turbulence. The MPE model provides simultaneous solution of latent, sensible and surface medium heat fluxes using only three input variables: net radiation, surface temperature and specific humidity. A unique feature of the MEP model is that the surface energy balance is closed at a range of space and time scales. The model does not require data of temperature and water vapor gradient, wind speed and surface roughness. It does not include empirical tunable parameters such as atmospheric and stomatal conductance. The MEP model is a promising new approach for the study of water and energy cycles of the Earth system across space-time scales.

Key words: Maximum entropy production, Surface evapotranspiration, Bayesian probability theory, Surface processes, Remote sensing retrieval.

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