我国农田土壤碳库演变研究:全球变化和国家粮食安全

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2005.04.0384

《京都议定书》已于2005年生效，我国面临着CO₂减排的巨大压力。分析了我国农业土壤有机碳库及其演变研究的现状,认为当前我国农业在耕地资源严重短缺、耕地地力趋于下降的背景下面临着2个巨大挑战：提高和稳定粮食生产能力与补偿日益增加的工业CO₂排放。有机碳贫乏作为我国耕地土壤的基本特点，这一方面提供了我国较大的固碳空间,另一方面也体现了我国实施固碳农业的必要性和紧迫性。目前迫切需要了解我国农业土壤在最近20年来的碳库演变态势与规模，明确我国农业土壤的固碳潜力与容量，在国家层面上实施农业固碳稳产工程,以在农业可持续发展和争取国家CO₂排放的较大配额上实现双嬴。 

关键词: 京都议定书, 固碳, CO₂减排, 全球变化, 粮食安全, 耕地资源, 农业土壤

China is facing the great pressure under the Kyoto Protocol in reducing the rapid increasing emission of CO₂resulted from the rapid industrialization. This paper deals with the issue of the study on status and dynamics of organic carbon stock of agricultural soils of China. China agriculture is meantime facing the double challenge of stabling the food production under the shortage of arable lands with decreasing soil productivity and of enhancing the C sink for mitigating the increasing CO₂ emission. The general poor storage of organic carbon and the apparent significance in crop productivity in the arable soils of China offers a great potential and, however, an urgent need for C sequestration agriculture in China. The evolution of C stock of the agricultural soils in the last two decades and the possible sink effect, the overall C sequestration potential and the feasible rate should be taken into account in the issues of priority researches. The authors strongly suggest that a C sequestration strategy, a winwin strategy, and technology should be developed after welldone investigations of soil C sequestration and put into practice in croplands of China in the early 21th century to meet the commitment to the Kyoto Protocol. Soil C sequestration links concerns of global change and food security for sustainable development of agriculture of China and buys China opportunity for control the fast increasing CO₂ emission due to the rapid industrialization. Priority of research should be put to the following issues of soil C sequestration: (1) the overall C stock of China cropland soils and the changing dynamics with the agricultural development at various scales; (2) features of C cycling in cropland soils with land fragmentation, and under intensified agriculture and high chemical inputs; (3) coupling mechanisms of soil C sequestration and productivity enhancement for different farming systems for sustainable agriculture in the future.

Key words: Kyoto Protocol, C sequestration, CO₂-mitigation, Global change, Food security, Arable land resources, Cropland soils

中图分类号:

X22
S153.6

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摘要

STUDY ON EVOLUTION OF ORGANIC CARBON STOCK IN AGRICULTURAL SOILS OF CHINA: FACING THE CHALLENGE OF GLOBAL CHANGE AND FOOD SECURITY