地球科学进展 ›› 2015, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (11): 1278 -1286. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2015.11.1278

探索与争鸣 上一篇    下一篇

全球变化研究中自然科学和社会科学协同方法的探讨
艾丽坤 1, 王晓毅 2   
  1. 1. 中国科学院大气物理研究所,北京 100029;
    2. 中国社会科学院社会学研究所,北京 100732
  • 收稿日期:2015-08-13 修回日期:2015-10-20 出版日期:2015-11-20
  • 基金资助:
    中国科学院国际合作项目“未来地球计划”中国实施框架协同设计(编号:134111KYSB20130002); 科技部国际科技合作与交流项目“大气组成变化及其影响与对策研究”(编号:2010DFA22770)资助

Transdisciplinary Study between Natural and Social Sciences in Global Change Research

Ailikun 1, Wang Xiaoyi 2   

  1. 1.Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029;
    2.Institute of Sociology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
  • Received:2015-08-13 Revised:2015-10-20 Online:2015-11-20 Published:2015-11-20
  • About author:First author:Ailikun (1969-), female, Inner Mongolia, Professor. Research areas include Asian monsoon, global change and regional sustain-ability. E-mail:aili@mail.iap.ac.cn
  • Supported by:
    Project supported by the Chinese Academic Sciences International Collaboration Project “Co-design of implementation plan for Future Earth in China”(No.134111KYSB20130002); MOST International Corporation and Exchange Project “Change of atmospheric component and its impact to environment”(No.2010DFA22770)
由于研究对象、目的、数据、方法等方面的不同,自然科学和社会科学的协同存在着非常大的困难,近20年来,气候变化、环境、生态、能源、粮食、资源、灾害、健康等跨学科交叉研究的兴起,为自然科学和社会科学协同带来了新的契机。为克服自然科学和社会科学协同的困难,首先要开展“以解决问题为导向”的研究,从项目初始就贯彻“协同设计、协同实施”的理念,将政府和社会作为全球变化与可持续性研究的服务对象。在研究对象的空间尺度协同上,通过自然科学的降尺度和社会科学的升尺度,在局域尺度上开展气候变化脆弱性与适应研究是实现自然科学和社会科学协同的基础。同时,正确理解和沟通科学的不确定性是自然科学和社会科学协同的重要环节,进行观测数据及调查资料的协同是未来自然科学和社会科学协同成功的关键。最后,对自然科学和社会科学协同中沟通和交流的鸿沟以及人才培养、重理轻文倾向、跨学科研究的评价标准等问题进行了思考和讨论。
The transdisciplinary study between natural and social sciences is very challengeable because of their differences in research subjects, objectives, data and methodology. In recent twenty years, the merging sustainability sciences in climate, environment, ecosystem, energy, food, resources and human health provide the new opportunity for integration between natural and social sciences. This paper focused on some methodologies on how to integrate these two types of sciences in sustainability science. Firstly the integrated study between natural and social sciences should be solution-oriented, and co-design, co-production with other stakeholders. Secondly, the integrated study should be balanced in top-down (natural) and bottom-up (social) approaches, focusing on the scientific issues at local level, which needs the efforts on social up scaling and natural downscaling by overcoming the uncertainties. To communicate the knowledge of uncertainties is one of the most important tasks for natural scientists when they try to work with social scientists and stakeholders. Last, we put some discussions on needs of experts in charge of communication in transdisciplinary study, the tendency of looking down social science in current global change and sustainability research, and the mismatching of current evaluating system to sustainability science.

中图分类号: 

[1] He Yibing. Integration of natural and social sciences[J]. Inner Mongolian Science and Technology, 1981,(5):5-14.[何一兵.论自然科学和社会科学的融合[J].内蒙古科技,1981,(5):5-14.]
[2] Zhang Binglun, Lu Dalong. Integration of natural and social sciences from history of science and technology[J]. Philosophical Research, 1991,(6):32-34.[张秉伦,鲁大龙.从科技史角度谈自然科学和社会科学联盟[J].哲学研究,1991,(6):32-34.]
[3] Chen Qingshuo. About integration of natural and social sciences[J].Science and Management, 1995,15(3): 34-35.[陈清硕.谈谈自然科学和社会科学的联盟[J].科学与管理,1995,15(3): 34-35.]
[4] Zhang Huaiming. About differences and unity of natural and social sciences[J]. Probe, 1999, (1):72-74.[张怀明.论自然科学与社会科学的差异与统一[J].探索,1999,(1):72-74.]
[5] Ma Hongxia. The essential differences among natural, social and humanity sciences[J]. Social Sciences in Guangdong, 2006, (6):72-77.[马红霞.浅析自然科学、社会科学和人文科学的本质差异[J].广东社会科学,2006,(6):72-77.]
[6] Jin Guantao, Liu Qingfeng. The methodology of integration between natural and social sciences[J]. Philosophical Research, 1985, (3):16-24.[金观涛,刘青峰.探讨自然科学和社会科学统一的方法[J].哲学研究,1985,(3):16-24.]
[7] Jiang Hongchun, Ye Liguo, Wang Lei. The implication of natural science methodology in social science: Basics, mechanism and institution[J]. Science & Technology Progress and Policy, 2012,29:26-30.[江宏春,叶立国,王磊.自然科学方法在社会科学研究中的运用:基础,机制,制度[J].科技进步与对策,2012,29:26-30.]
[8] Chen Rongxia. Natural science and social science: The both are not same science[J]. Journal of Dialectics of Nature, 2006,26:98-112.[陈蓉霞.社会科学与自然科学:此科学非彼科学[J].自然辩证法通讯,2006,26:98-112.]
[9] Shen Yunlong. The integration of natural and social sciences[J]. Modern Business Trade Industry, 2014, 2:49-50.[沈云龙.论自然科学和社会科学的统一[J].现代商贸工业,2014,2:49-50.]
[10] Guo Fang. The direction of environmental sciences: The joining of natural and social sciences[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 1985, 6:1-4.[郭方.环境科学发展的趋势——自然科学和社会科学汇合[J].环境科学丛刊,1985,6:1-4.]
[11] Hao Bailin. On the “Grand-Crossover” of natural and social sciences: Part 1[J]. Science, 2004, 56(1): 3-6.[郝柏林.谈谈自然科学和社会科学的大交叉(一)[J].科学,2004,56(1): 3-6.]
[12] Hao Bailin. On the “Grand-Crossover” of natural and social sciences: Part 2[J]. Science, 2004, 56(2): 3-6. [郝柏林.谈谈自然科学和社会科学的大交叉(二)[J].科学,2004,56(2): 3-6.]
[13] Sun Fu, He Xiaojia. Global progress in climate change adaptation policies and its implication for China[J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2014, 24(5): 1-9.[孙傅,何霄嘉.国际气候变化适应政策发展动态及其对中国的启示[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境,2014,24(5):1-9.]
[14] Liu Yanhua, Qian Fengkui, Wang Wentao, et al. Research of adaptive technology framework of addressing climate change[J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2013, 23(5):1-6.[刘燕华,钱凤魁,王文涛,等. 应对气候变化的适应技术框架研究[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境,2013,23(5):1-6.]
[15] Department of Climate Change, National Development & Reform Commission of China, et al. China’s National Strategy of Climate Change Adaptation[EB/OL]. 2013. http://qhs.ndrc.gov.cn/zcfg/201312/W020131209358501374937.pdf.[国家发展和改革委员会应对气候变化司,等.国家气候变化适应战略[EB/OL].2013,http://qhs.ndrc.gov.cn/zcfg/201312/W020131209358501374937.pdf.]
[16] Department of Climate Change, National Development & Reform Commission of China, et al. China’s National Plan Coping with Climate Change[EB/OL]. 2013.http://www.sdpc.gov.cn/gzdt/201411/W020141104591413713551.pdf.[国家发展和改革委员会应对气候变化司,等.国家应对气候变化规划(2014-2020年)[EB/OL]. 2013.http://www.sdpc.gov.cn/gzdt/201411/W020141104591413713551.pdf.]
[17] Wang Lianxi,Liu Jing,Li Qi,et al.Simulation study of the climate change impact on the rice and its adaptability in Ningxia Province[J].Advances in Earth Science,2013,28(11): 1 248-1 256.[王连喜,刘静,李琪,等.气候变化对宁夏水稻的影响及适应性研究[J].地球科学进展,2013,28(11): 1 248-1 256.]
[18] Adger W N, Arnell N W, Tompkins E L. Successful adaptation to climate change across scales[J]. Global Environmental Change, 2005,15: 77-86.
[19] Smit B J. Wandel, adaptation, adaptive capacity and vulnerability[J]. Global Environmental Change, 2006, 16(3):282-292.
[20] GallopínG C. Linkages between vulnerability, resilience, and adaptive capacity[J].Global Environmental Change, 2006, 16(3): 293-303.
[21] ICSU. Earth System Science for Global Sustainability: The Grand Challenges[M].Paris: International Council for Science,2010.
[22] ICSU. Future Earth Initial Design[M]. Paris: International Council for Science, 2013.
[23] Holm P, Goodsite M E, Cloetingh S, et al. Collaboration between the natural, social and human sciences in global change research[J].Environmental Science & Policy, 2013, 28(Suppl.I): 25-35.
[24] Fischer A R H, Hilde T, Amber R. When natural met social: A review of collaboration between the natural and social sciences[J].Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, 2011, 36(4): 341-358.
[25] Schmidt A, Meinfried S, Katina K. Integrating regional perceptions into climate change adaptation: A transdisciplinary case study from Germany’s North Sea Coast[J].Regional Environmental Change, 2014, 14(6):2 105-2 114.
[26] Li Wenhua. Differences between social sciences and natural sciences[J].Studies in Science of Science, 2006, 24(6):834-839.[李文华. 社会科学与自然科学的五个差异——兼论进一步繁荣发展哲学社会科学的现实意义[J].科学学研究,2006,24(6):834-839.]
[27] Yuan Chong, Chu Yichun. The crosscutting research between natural and social sciences in recent 10 years of China[J].Science & Technology Progress and Policy, 2012, 29:10-13.[袁翀,褚怡春.近十年我国自然科学与社会科学的交叉融合研究[J].科技进步与对策,2012, 29:10-13.]
[28] Chen Qirong, Cao Zhiping. Understanding and explanation in the methodology of science[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University(Humanities and Social Sciences),2004, 34:23-30.[陈其荣,曹志平.自然科学和人文社会科学方法论中的“理解与解释”[J].浙江大学学报:人文社会科学版,2004,34:23-30.]
[29] Dessai S, Hulme M. Does climate adaptation policy need probabilities? [J].Climate Policy, 2004, 4(2): 107-128.
[30] Wu Guoxiong,Lin Hai,Zou Xiaolei,et al.Research on global climate change and scientific data[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2014, 29(1):15-22.[吴国雄,林海,邹晓蕾,等. 全球气候变化研究与科学数据[J].地球科学进展,2014, 29(1):15-22.]
[31] Ge Quansheng, Wang Fang, Wang Shaowu, et al. Certainty and uncertainty in global warming studies[J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2014, 24(1):1-6.[葛全胜,王芳,王绍武,等. 对全球变暖认识的七个问题的确定与不确定性[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2014,24(1):1-6.]
[32] Gong Daoyi, Wang Shaowu. Uncertainties in the global warming studies[J].Earth Science Frontiers, 2002,9(2):371-376.[龚道溢,王绍武.全球气候变暖研究中的不确定性[J].地学前缘,2002,9(2):371-376.]
[33] Ge Quansheng, Fang Xiuqi, Cheng Bangbo. Political accord and scientific uncertainties on climate change[J]. Advances in Climate Change Research, 2010, 6(2):152-153.[葛全胜,方修琦,程邦波.气候变化政治共识的确定性与科学认识的不确定性[J].气候变化研究进展,2010,6(2):152-153.]
[1] 曲建升, 肖仙桃, 曾静静. 国际气候变化科学百年研究态势分析 *[J]. 地球科学进展, 2018, 33(11): 1193-1202.
[2] 国家自然科学基金委员会地球科学部. 2018年度国家自然科学基金项目指南(地球科学部分)[J]. 地球科学进展, 2018, 33(1): 1-11.
[3] 国家自然科学基金委员会地球科学部. 2017年度国家自然科学基金项目指南(地球科学部分)[J]. 地球科学进展, 2017, 32(1): 1-14.
[4] 史培军, 王爱慧, 孙福宝, 李宁, 叶涛, 徐伟, 王静爱, 杨建平, 周洪建. 全球变化人口与经济系统风险形成机制及评估研究[J]. 地球科学进展, 2016, 31(8): 775-781.
[5] 葛人峰, 侍茂崇. “船时共享航次计划”——国家自然科学基金委员会的重大创建[J]. 地球科学进展, 2016, 31(4): 428-435.
[6] 张灿影, 高峰, 郭琳, 冯志纲. 美国NSF海洋科学学科资助战略分析[J]. 地球科学进展, 2016, 31(4): 435-442.
[7] 吴炳方, 邢强. 遥感的科学推动作用与重点应用领域[J]. 地球科学进展, 2015, 30(7): 751-762.
[8] 黄邦钦, 柳欣. 边缘海浮游生态系统对生物泵的调控作用[J]. 地球科学进展, 2015, 30(3): 385-395.
[9] 房启飞, 张虎权. 地球系统变化对叠层石衰减影响的研究综述[J]. 地球科学进展, 2014, 29(9): 1003-1010.
[10] 魏学琼, 叶瑜, 崔玉娟, 李蓓蓓, 袁存, 方修琦. 中国历史土地覆被变化重建研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2014, 29(9): 1037-1045.
[11] 刘贤赵, 张勇, 宿庆, 田艳林, 全斌, 王国安. 现代陆生植物碳同位素组成对气候变化的响应研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2014, 29(12): 1341-1354.
[12] 史培军, 孔锋, 叶谦, 汪明, 刘凯. 灾害风险科学发展与科技减灾[J]. 地球科学进展, 2014, 29(11): 1205-1211.
[13] 汪品先. 对地球系统科学的理解与误解——献给第三届地球系统科学大会[J]. 地球科学进展, 2014, 29(11): 1277-1279.
[14] WuGuoxiong,LinHai,ZouXiaolei,LiuBoqi,HeBian. 全球气候变化研究与科学数据[J]. 地球科学进展, 2014, 29(1): 15-22.
[15] 国家自然科学基金委员会地球科学部. 2014年度国家自然科学基金项目指南[J]. 地球科学进展, 2014, 29(1): 1-14.
阅读次数
全文


摘要