中国干旱内陆流域水体 N、P负荷特征与动态变化——以黑河流域为例

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2003.03.0338

地球科学进展 ›› 2003, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (3): 338 -344. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2003.03.0338

王根绪 ^1,2,程国栋 ²,钱鞠 ¹,常娟 ¹

1.兰州大学西部环境教育部重点实验室，甘肃兰州 730000； 2.中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冻土工程国家重点实验室，甘肃兰州 730000

收稿日期:2002-11-19 修回日期:2003-02-15 出版日期:2003-06-01
通讯作者: 王根绪 E-mail:gxwang@ns.lzb.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目“干旱内流区土地利用变化的土壤养分循环迁移规律研究”(编号： 40171002)；中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目“黑河流域水—生态—经济系统综合管理试验示范”(编号：KZCX01-09)资助.

N AND P LOADING FEATURES AND DYNAMICAL CHANGES IN ARID INLAND WATER BODIES OF NORTHWEST CHINA

Wang Genxu ^1,2,Cheng Guodong ²,Qian Ju ¹,Chang Juan ¹

1.Education Ministry Key Laboratory of West Chinese Environment, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000,China;2. State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000,China

Received:2002-11-19 Revised:2003-02-15 Online:2003-06-01 Published:2003-06-01

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以黑河流域中游地区为研究区域，通过11年在不同河流断面的长期监测和区域内各类水体如地下水、泉水、水库和河流的空间选点取样分析，研究了干旱内陆流域水体 N、P等植物营养元素的负荷与时空分布及动态变化特征。浅层地下水与河水中NO₃-N含量普遍较高，含量超过 1．1 m g／L，大部分平原水库水中NH₄-N含量超过 0．3 m g／L；河水与浅层地下水TP、NH₄-N与NO₃-N含量均呈现沿流域从出山口至下游的显著递增变化，同时还具有明显的随时间递增趋势，其中NH₄-N含量在河流出山口及下游断面平均年增加幅度分别为 0．11 m g／L和 0．114 m g／L；流域水体 N、P含量的季节变化明显，黑河流域春季及春夏之交的枯水期大部分河段NH₄-N、NO₃-N和TP等要素含量为全年最高并出现水质超标污染。控制干旱内陆流域水域尤其是枯水期的 N、P污染，应成为干旱内陆流域水资源保护问题中值得关注的关键内容。

关键词: 干旱区, 内陆流域, 硝酸盐氮, 总磷, 分布特征, 动态变化, 黑河流域

This study was undertaken to investigate the loading features, temporal-spatial distribution and dynamical changes of plant nutrient elements N and P in arid inland water bodies including ground water, spring water, reservoir and river in the midstream area of the Heihe river basin through river section monitoring and sample analyses at selected sites over the past 11 years. NO₃-N contents in shallow ground water and river water were commonly higher than 1.1 mg/L; NH₄-N contents in most of plain reservoirs exceeded 0.3 mg/L; TP, NH₄-N and NO₃-N contents showed a significant increase tendency from the mountain valley mouth to the downstream area of the river basin. Further more, they also tended to increase significantly with time, of which NH₄-N contents in the river water at themountain valley mouth and the lower reach on an average annually increased 0.11 mg/L and 0.114 mg/L respectively. N and P contents in the basin's water bodies also exhibited obvious seasonal change, during the low water period from late spring to early summer, TP, NH₄-N and NO₃-N contents in a large part of the river section reached a peak values of a year or even exceeded polluted water quality level. The control of N and P pollution especially in water period should be viewed as a key content for the protection of water resources in the arid inland river basin. 

Key words: Arid zone, Inland river basin, Nitrate nitrogen, Total phosphorus, Distribution feature, Dynamical change.

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