分析了干旱区主要土壤类型、分布规律,土壤的理化性状、养分特征以及在盐碱化、沙化和灌耕条件下的变化,并论证了干旱区土壤资源的基本特征对区域可持续发展的影响。认为干旱区土壤分布具明显的空间垂直地带性及径向分布规律。极端干旱条件下的暖温带棕漠土的资源性能最差,其他土壤的资源性能排序依次为灰棕漠土<灰漠土<灰钙土(棕钙土)<灌耕土<草甸土类。土壤资源性能在灌耕、风沙及盐碱化条件下发生显著变化,在干旱区广为分布的荒漠土壤多数具有显著的中深部盐化表现和易于沙化的条件。干旱区可持续发展依赖于绿洲灌耕土壤资源的稳定发展、高生产力水平及可持续利用,在明确土壤资源特性与分布规律的基础上,土壤资源的合理利用与保护及其与生态环境的可持续协调是关键问题。

The soil characteristics of types, distribution, physical-chemical status and nutrient and their changes in the conditions of salinization, desertification and cultivation are analyzed in this paper.The results indicate that:①In arid area, the distribution of soils have remarkable vertical and longitude landscape zone. The source function of the warm-temperate brown desert soil is the worst and the other soils are arranged as gray brown desert soil< gray desert soil< gray calcium soil< cultivated soil< forest-meadow soil.②In the different conditions such as cultivation, desertification and salinization,etc,the source functions of soils are varied. The sustainable development of the arid region depends on the features of cultivated soils such as steady improvement, higher productivity level and sustainable utilization. The key problem is the rational utilization and defense of land resources and coordination with the ecological environment.