地球科学进展 ›› 2007, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (6): 648 -656. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2007.06.0648

西北气候变化与生态研究 上一篇    

近半个世纪来中国西北地面气候变化基本特征
王鹏祥 1,2,杨金虎 2,张 强 1,何金海 2,王德民 1,陆登荣 1   
  1. 1.中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所,甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室, 中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点开放实验室,甘肃 兰州 730020;2.南京信息工程大学, 江苏 南京 210044
  • 收稿日期:2007-04-15 修回日期:2007-05-29 出版日期:2007-06-10
  • 通讯作者: 王鹏祥(1968-),男,甘肃通渭人,高级工程师,主要从事气候变化和气象灾害预警研究.E-mail: wangpxgs@yahoo.com.cn E-mail:wangpxgs@yahoo.com.cn
  • 基金资助:

    科技部科研院所社会公益研究专项“西北农作物对气候变化的响应及其评价方法”(编号:2005DIB3J100);中国气象局多轨道业务项目“西北区域干旱监测预警评估业务系统”;中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目“中国西北西邻气候和水份过程的变化特征及其相互联系的研究”(编号:KZCX3-SW-229)和西部开发科技行动重大项目“祁连山空中云水资源开发利用研究”(编号:2004BA901A16)共同资助.

Climate Change Characteristic of Northwest Chinain Recent Half Century

WANG Peng-xiang 1,2, YANG Jin-hu 2, ZHANG Qiang 1, HE Jin-hai 2, WANG De-min 1, LU Deng-rong 1   

  1. 1.Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province, Key Open Laboratory of Arid Change and Disaster Reduction of CMA, Institute of Arid Meteorology,CMA, Lanzhou 730020,China; 2. Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044,China
  • Received:2007-04-15 Revised:2007-05-29 Online:2007-06-10 Published:2007-06-10

利用中国西北地区(新、青、甘、宁、陕及内蒙古西部地区)1960—2003年131个测站年平均气温、年降水量、年蒸发量及年平均地面风速等资料,分析了近44年中国西北地区地面气候变化基本特征。研究表明:近半个世纪来中国西北地区基本都表现为显著的增温趋势,增温速率普遍为0.2~0.9℃/10 a,大部分地区高于0.22℃/10 a的全国平均水平,与全球变暖的大背景相一致,并且在1994年还发生了一次增温突变。西风带气候区年降水量表现为小幅增加趋势,而季风带气候区表现为小幅减少趋势。近44年来西北地区水面蒸发量表现为显著的减少趋势,且在1976年左右发生了减少突变。整个西北地区平均地面风速减少、日照时数减少、平均日较差减少、相对湿度增加及平均低云量增加可能是水面蒸发量减少的重要原因。

By use of data of annual average temperature, annual precipitation, pan evaporation, and annual average surface wind speed collected at 131 stations from 1960 to 2003 in Northwest China (covering the provinces and regions of Xingjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia, Shanxi and the west of Inner Mongolia), the climate change characteristic was analyzed for the last half century. The result showed that temperature display marked increasing tendency in Northwest China except in the southeast of Qinghai and fraction area of Xinjiang, and the tendency rate was 0.2~0.9℃/10a. Sudden change took place from low to high in 1994; it was found that annual total precipitation showed increasing tendency in westerly climate region of Northwest China. Decreasing tendency in Monsoon climate region of Northwest China displayed, but the tendency was weak; it was proved that pan evaporation showed decreasing tendency in whole Northwest China, and sudden change took place from more to few in 1976; it was also found that the main cause which pan evaporation was decreased was likely the decrease of surface wind speed, sunlight duration, average daily range and the increase of relative humidity, average low cloud cover.

中图分类号: 

[1]IPCC.Climate Change 2001: The Science of Climate Change[C]//Houghton J T, Y Ding, D J Griggs,et al.Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom and New York, NY,USA,2001:156-159.
[2]Qin Dahe. Evalution of environment evolution in West China[M].Beijing: Science Press,2002:2-10.[秦大河.中国西部环境演变评估 [M].北京:科学出版社,2002:2-10.]
[3]Fang Xiuqi,Yu Weihong. Progress in the studies on the phonological responding to global warming[J].Advances in Earth Science, 1999,(4): 714-719. [方修琦,余卫红.物侯对全球变暖响应的研究综述[J].地球科学进展,2002,(5):714-719.]
[4]Jiang Tong, Shi Yafeng. Global climate warming, the Yangtze floods and potential loss[J].Advances in Earth Science, 2003,(2):277-284.[姜彤,施雅风.全球变暖、长江水灾与可能损失[J].地球科学进展,2003,(2):277-284.]
[5]Wang Pengxiang, Wang Baojian, Huang Yuxia,et al. The distribution and changing character of water vapor in Qinghai plateau during the past 43 years[J].Plaleau Meteorology,2006,25(1):60-65.[王鹏祥,王宝鉴,黄玉霞,等.青海高原近43年夏季风中水汽分布及演变特征[J].高原气象,2006,25(1):60-65.
[6]Guo Liping Lin Erda. Research advances on mitigating global warming and greenhouse gas sequestration[J].Advances in Earth Science, 1999,(4): 521-528.[郭李萍,林而达.减缓全球变暖与温室气体吸收汇研究进展[J].地球科学进展,1999,(4):521-528.]
[7]Shi Guangyu,Li Changming (traslated).Earth is Warming[M].Beijing: China Meteorology Press,1992:66-87.[石广玉,李昌明译.地球在变暖[M].北京:气象出版社,1992:66-87.]
[8]Ye Duzheng.Preliminary Research of Global Change in China[M].Beijing: China Meteorology Press,1992:40-53.[叶笃正.中国的全球变化预研究[M].北京:气象出版社,1992:40-53.]
[9]Qin Dahe,Chen Zhenlin,Luo Yong,et al.Updated understanding if climate change sciences[J].Advances in Climate Change Research,2007,3(2):63-73.[秦大河,陈振林,罗勇,等.气候变化科学的最新认知[J].气候变化研究进展,2007,3(2):63-73.]
[10]Shi Yafeng, Shen Yongping, Hu Ruji.Preliminary Study on signal,impact and foreground of climatic shift from warm-dry to warm-humid in Northwest China[J].Journal of Glaciolgy and Geocryology, 2002,24(3):219-226.[施雅风,沈永平,胡汝骥. 西北气候由暖干向暖湿转型的信号、影响和前景初步探讨[J].冰川冻土,2002,24(3):219-226.]
[11]Menne MJ, Peterson TC, Malone RW . evaporation changes over the contiguous United State sand the former USSR : Are assessment[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2001,28:2 665-2 668.
[12]Peterson T C,Golubev V S,Grolsman P Y. Evaporation losing its strength[J].Nature,1995,377:687-6 881.
[13]Ohmura A,Wild M.Is the hydrological cycle accelerating?[J].Science,2002,298:1 345-1 346.
[14]Ren Guoyu, Guo Jun, Xu Mingzhiet al. climate changes of China's mainland over the past half century[J].Atmospheric Sciences,2005,63(6):942-955.[任国玉,郭军,徐铭志,等.近50年中国地面气候变化基本特征[J].气象学报,2005,63(6):942-955.]
[15]Zuo Hongchao,Li Dongliang,Hu Yinqiao,et al. Nearly 40a climate change trend and relationship with pan evaporation change in China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin, 2005,50(11).[左洪超,李栋良,胡隐樵,等.近40a中国气候变化趋势及其同蒸发皿观测的蒸发量变化的关系[J].科学通报,2005,50(11).]
[16]Shi Neng, Polybasic Statistics Analytical Method in the Middle of Weather Research and Forecast[M].Beijing: China Meteorology Press,2002:120-122、143-146.[施能.气象科研与预报中的多元分析方法[M].北京:气象出版社,2002:120-122、143-146.]
[17]Ding Yuguo,Jiang Zhihong. Signal Process of Meteorological Data Time Sequence[M].Beijing:China Meteorology Press,1998:166-160.[丁裕国,江志红.气象数据时间序列信号处理[M].北京:气象出版社,1998:155-160.]
[18]Shi Neng,Chen Jiaqi,Tu Qipu. 4-phase climate change features in the last 100 years over China[J].Acta Meteorological Sinica,1995,51(4):431-439.[施能,陈家其,屠其璞.中国近100年来4个年代际的气候变化特征[J].气象学报,1995,53(4):431-439.]
[19]Chen Longxun, Zhu Wenqin, Wang Wen,et al. Studies on climate change in China in recent 45years[J].Acta Meteorological Sinica, 1998, 56(3): 257-271.[陈隆勋,朱文琴,王文,等. 中国近45年来气候变化的研究 [J].气象学报,1998,56(3):257-271.]
[20]Zhou Zijiang,Zhang Guocai.Typical heavy sandstorm event in the North China(1954-2002) [J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2003,48(11):12-18.[周自江,章国材.中国北方典型的强沙尘暴事件(1954—2002年)[J].科学通报,2003,48(11):12-18.]
[21]Zhou Zijiang, Wang Xiwen, Niu Reyun.Climate characteristic of sandstorm in China in recent 47 years[J].Quarterly Journal of Applied Meteorlogy,2002,13(2):193-200.[周自江,王锡稳,牛若芸.近47年中国沙尘暴气候特征研究[J].应用气象学报,2002,13(2):193-200.]
[22]Groisman P, Karl T, Easterling D,et al. Changes in the probability of extreme precipitation: Important indicators of climate change[J].Climatic Change, 1999,42: 243-283.
[23]Zhai Panmao, Ren  Fumin, Zhang Qiang. Detection of trends in China's extreme precipitation[J].Acta Meteorological  Sinica, 1999, 57(2): 208-216.[翟盘茂,任福民,张强. 中国降水极端值变化趋势检测[J].气象学报,1999,75(2):208-216.]

[1] 单薪蒙, 温家洪, 王军, 胡恒智. 深度不确定性下的灾害风险稳健决策方法评述[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(9): 911-921.
[2] 段伟利, 邹珊, 陈亚宁, 李稚, 方功焕. 18792015年巴尔喀什湖水位变化及其主要影响因素分析[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(9): 950-961.
[3] 王澄海, 张晟宁, 张飞民, 李课臣, 杨凯. 论全球变暖背景下中国西北地区降水增加问题[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(9): 980-989.
[4] 王慧,张璐,石兴东,李栋梁. 2000年后青藏高原区域气候的一些新变化[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(8): 785-796.
[5] 田凤云,吴成来,张贺,林朝晖. 基于 CAS-ESM2的青藏高原蒸散发的模拟与预估[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(8): 797-809.
[6] 柯思茵,张冬丽,王伟涛,王孟豪,段磊,杨敬钧,孙鑫,郑文俊. 青藏高原东北缘晚更新世以来环境变化研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(7): 727-739.
[7] 张子洋, 闫明, MULVANEY Robert, 季峻峰, 效存德, 刘雷保, 安春雷. 东南极 LGB69冰芯 17122001年气温变化记录的初步研究[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(2): 172-184.
[8] 汪芋君, 任宏利, 王琳. 第三极地区气温和积雪的季节—年际气候预测研究[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(2): 198-210.
[9] 崔林丽, 史军, 杜华强. 植被物候的遥感提取及其影响因素研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(1): 9-16.
[10] 龙上敏,刘秦玉,郑小童,程旭华,白学志,高臻. 南大洋海温长期变化研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(9): 962-977.
[11] 吴佳梅,彭秋志,黄义忠,黄亮. 中国植被覆盖变化研究遥感数据源及研究区域时空热度分析[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(9): 978-989.
[12] 杨军怀,夏敦胜,高福元,王树源,陈梓炫,贾佳,杨胜利,凌智永. 雅鲁藏布江流域风成沉积研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(8): 863-877.
[13] 蔡运龙. 生态问题的社会经济检视[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(7): 742-749.
[14] 涂梦昭,刘志锋,何春阳,任强,卢文路. 基于 GRACE卫星数据的中国地下水储量监测进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(6): 643-656.
[15] 田少华,肖国桥,杨欢. GDGTs在黄土古环境重建中的研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(5): 465-477.
阅读次数
全文


摘要