地球科学进展

地球科学进展 ›› 2020, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (5): 465 -477. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2020.043

综述与评述 上一篇    下一篇

GDGTs在黄土古环境重建中的研究进展
田少华 1, 2( ),肖国桥 1, 2, 3( ),杨欢 1, 2, 3   
  1. 1.中国地质大学（武汉）地理与信息工程学院，湖北 武汉 430078
    2.中国地质大学（武汉）流域关键带 演化湖北省重点实验室，湖北 武汉 430074
    3.中国地质大学（武汉）生物地质与环境地质 国家重点实验室，湖北 武汉 430078
  • 收稿日期:2020-02-16 修回日期:2020-04-20 出版日期:2020-05-10
  • 通讯作者: 肖国桥 E-mail:tianshhu@163.com;xgqiaocug@gmail.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“地质脂类记录的中国中东部晚中新世以来水热格局的时空演化”(41830319)

Application of Glycerol Dialkyl Glycerol Tetraether Lipids in Paleoenvironment Reconstruction of Loess Deposits: A Review of Recent Progresses

Shaohua Tian 1, 2( ),Guoqiao Xiao 1, 2, 3( ),Huan Yang 1, 2, 3   

  1. 1.School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430078, China
    2.Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
    3.State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology，China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430078, China
  • Received:2020-02-16 Revised:2020-04-20 Online:2020-05-10 Published:2020-06-05
  • Contact: Guoqiao Xiao E-mail:tianshhu@163.com;xgqiaocug@gmail.com
  • About author:Tian Shaohua (1995-), female, Ji‘nan City, Shandong Province, Master student. Research areas include quaternary geology. E-mail: tianshhu@163.com
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China "Spatiotemporal evolution of hydrothermal pattern in central and eastern China recorded by geological lipids since late Miocene"(41830319)
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甘油二烷基甘油四醚广泛存在于黄土、泥炭、湖泊、海洋等各类沉积载体中，并有效地记录了地质历史时期的古环境信息。简要概述了甘油二烷基甘油四醚的结构、生物源以及常见的甘油二烷基甘油四醚陆地环境代用指标，重点阐述了甘油二烷基甘油四醚在黄土古环境重建中的研究进展，并提出了展望。主要研究进展包括： ① 甘油二烷基甘油四醚古环境指标在黄土古气候研究中得到了较广泛的应用，并重建了黄土高原地区过去80万年的古温度变化； ② 黄土高原地区温度变化主要受当地夏季太阳辐射驱动，并受植被下垫面调控； ③ 黄土高原地区末次冰消期降水的增加明显滞后于温度的升高。甘油二烷基甘油四醚在黄土古环境研究中仍存在重建温度偏高、环境指标与气候因子关系复杂等问题。未来对新指标的开发以及区域性转换函数的建立和应用将有望进一步提高甘油二烷基甘油四醚在黄土古环境重建中的准确性，并为解决不同气候区空间上的水—热配置模式和气候变化机制提供依据。

关键词: 甘油二烷基甘油四醚, 气候指标, 古环境, 古温度, 黄土

The Glycerol Dialkyl Glycerol Tetraethers (GDGTs) occur ubiquitously in a wide range of environments, such as loess, peat, lake, soil, and ocean, which vary compositionally in response to environmental changes, and provide a series of biomarker proxies for paleoenvironmental reconstruction. This paper introduced the structures and biological sources of GDGTs, and reviewed the recent progresses of the application of the GDGTs proxies in the paleoenvironmental reconstruction of loess deposits. The main progresses include: ① The GDGTs proxies have been widely used in reconstructing the climate changes in loess deposits, and have established the temperature changes of last 800 ka for the Chinese Loess Plateau; ② Temperature variations in Chinese Loess Plateau displayed significant correlation with the Northern Hemisphere insolation, which may be also regulated by the surface vegetation conditions; and ③ In the Chinese Loess Plateau, the increase in monsoon precipitation during the last deglaciation significantly lagged behind the rise of temperature. However, problems still exist in the current studies. For instance, the GDGTs-based temperature is likely overestimated, probably reflecting the temperature of warm season, and relationships between GDGT indices and climate factors are still unclear. In the future, the development of new proxies and more accurate regional calibrations based on the separation of 6- methyl GDGTs are expected to provide more reliable paleoenvironmental information, and will provide essential evidence for the evolution of hydrothermal pattern and mechanisms behind climate changes in different regions.

Key words: Glycerol Dialkyl Glycerol Tetraether lipids, Climate proxies, Paleoenvironment, Paleotemperature, Loess.

中图分类号: 

图1 GDGTs结构（据参考文献［ 13 ］修改）
（a）类异戊二烯GDGTs结构和（b）支链GDGTs结构；由于甲基位的异构，支链GDGTs具有5-和6-甲基支链GDGTs异构体
Fig.1 Molecular structures of GDGTs（modified after reference［ 13 ］）
Molecular structures of iGDGTs（a）and bGDGTs(b); Due to the heterogeneity of the methyl positions，branched GDGTs have 5- and 6-methyl branched GDGTs isomer
表1 黄土中常见的 bGDGTs指标
Table 1 The common bGDGTs indicators in loess
指标 计算公式 参考文献
MBT MBT=(Ia+Ib+Ic)/(Ia+Ib+Ic+IIa+IIa'+IIb+IIb'+IIc+IIc'+IIIa+IIIa'+IIIb+IIIb'+IIIc+IIIc') [ 14 ]
MBT' MBT'=(Ia+Ib+Ic)/(Ia+Ib+Ic+IIa+IIa'+IIb+IIb'+IIc+IIc'+IIIa+IIIa') [ 61 ]
MBT'5ME MBT'5ME =(Ia+Ib+Ic)/(Ia+IIa+IIIa+Ib+IIb+Ic+IIc) [ 54 ]
Index1 Index1=lg(Ia+Ib+Ic+IIa'+IIIa')/(Ic+IIa+IIc+IIIa+IIIa') [ 54 ]
MBT5/6 MBT5/6=(Ia+Ib+Ic+IIa')/(Ia+IIa+IIIa+IIIa'+Ib+IIb+Ic+IIc) [ 62 ]
CBT CBT=-lg[(Ib+IIb+IIb')/(Ia+IIa+IIa')] [ 14 ]
CBT' CBT'=lg[(Ic+IIa'+IIb'+IIc'+IIIa'+IIIb'+IIIc')/(Ia+IIa+IIIa)] [ 54 ]
IRIIa' IRIIa'=IIa'/(IIa+IIa') [ 63 ]
IRIIIa' IRIIIa' =IIIa'/(IIIa+IIIa') [ 63 ]
IBT IBT=-lg[(IIIa'+IIa')/(IIIa+IIa)] [ 62 ]
rCBT rCBT=-lg[(Ib+IIb+IIb')/Ia] [ 64 ]
Ri/b Ri/b=∑iGDGTs/∑bGDGTs [ 65 ]
BIT BIT=(Ia+IIa+IIIa+IIa'+IIIa')/Crenarchaeol [ 66 ]
表2 黄土中常见的古环境计算公式
Table 2 The formula for paletemperature and pH proxies in loess
校正公式

样品

数量/个

 R2 RMSE 参考文献
① MBT=0.122+0.187×CBT+0.020×MAAT 114 0.77 4.8 ℃ [ 14 ]
② MAAT=0.81-5.67×CBT+31.0×MBT' 176 0.59 5 ℃ [ 61 ]
③ MAAT=20.9-13.4×f (IIa+IIa')-17.2×f (IIIa+IIIa')-17.5×f ((IIb+IIb')+11.2×f (Ib) 120 0.87 1.7 ℃ [ 67 ]
④ MAAT=-8.57+31.45×MBT'5ME 222 0.66 4.8 ℃ [ 54 ]
⑤ MAAT=5.05+14.86×Index1 222 0.67 4.7 ℃ [ 54 ]
⑥ MATmr=7.17+17.1×（Ia）+25.9×（Ib)+34.4×（Ic)-28.6×（IIa) 222 0.68 4.6 ℃ [ 54 ]
⑦ MAT=27.63×Index 1-5.72 148 0.75 2.5 ℃ [ 68 ]
⑧ Tmr=18.84×（Ia)+42.44×（Ib)-149.68×（Ic)-52×（IIa)+6.36 148 0.77 2.5 ℃ [ 68 ]

⑨ MASTsr=26.1-13.8×f (IIIa)-27.9×f (IIIa')-69.3×f (IIa)-10×f (IIa')-73.8×f (IIb)-

22.3×f (IIb')+21.7 f (Ib)

 149 0.94 1.8 ℃ [ 69 ]
⑩ MAATsr=25.2-39.8×f (IIIa)-29.8×f (IIIa')-66.8×f (IIa)-15.5×f (IIa')-107.8× f (IIb)+25.1×f (Ib) 149 0.94 2.1 ℃ [ 69 ]
CBT=3.33-0.38×pH 114 0.70 0.7 pH单位 [ 14 ]
CBT=-0.0021×MAP+1.7 37 -0.93 50 mm [ 15 ]
pH=7.15+1.59×CBT′ 221 0.85 0.52 pH单位 [ 54 ]
pH=(IRIIIa'+0.94)/0.22 26 0.85 0.41 pH单位 [ 55 ]
pH=(IRIIa'+0.80)/0.20 26 0.83 0.43 pH单位 [ 55 ]
pH=6.77-1.56×IBT 27 0.74 0.32 pH单位 [ 62 ]
pH=7.75-1.58×rCBT 539 0.67 0.64 pH单位 [ 64 ]
图2 开展过GDGTs研究的黄土剖面位置
Fig.2 Location of the loess profile on the Chinese Loess Plateau,which have previously been studied for GDGT records
图3 不同GDGTs指标重建的末次间冰期以来黄土高原不同地点的古温度
(a)邙山 [ 17 , 19 ]; (b) 蓝田 [ 16 , 21 ]; (c) 渭南 [ 22 , 67 ]; (d) 洛川 [ 23 ]; (e) 西峰 [ 20 , 23 ]; (f) 塬堡 [ 18 ]
Fig.3 Paleotemperature changes based on GDGTs in different regions of the Loess Plateau since the Last Interglacial
(a) Mangshan [ 17 , 19 ]; (b) Lantian [ 16 , 21 ]; (c) Weinan [ 22 , 67 ]; (d) Luochuan [ 23 ]; (e) Xifeng [ 20 , 23 ]; (f) Yuanbao [ 18 ]
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