地球科学进展

地球科学进展 ›› 2017, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (9): 949 -958. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2017.09.0949

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底栖有孔虫体内储存硝酸盐和反硝化研究进展
徐昭萌 1( ), 刘素美 1, 2, *( )   
  1. 1.中国海洋大学海洋化学理论与工程技术教育部重点实验室, 山东 青岛 266100
    2.青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室,山东 青岛 266100
  • 收稿日期:2017-01-16 修回日期:2017-06-30 出版日期:2017-09-20
  • 通讯作者: 刘素美 E-mail:xuzhaomengsky@126.com;sumeiliu@ouc.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“南海北部沉积物中氮循环的关键过程研究”(编号:41376086);泰山学者工程专项经费资助

Advance in Studies on Intracellular Nitrate Storage and Denitrification of Benthic Foraminifera

Zhaomeng Xu 1( ), Sumei Liu 1, 2, *( )   

  1. 1.Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ocean University of China/ Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China
    2.Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China
  • Received:2017-01-16 Revised:2017-06-30 Online:2017-09-20 Published:2017-09-20
  • Contact: Sumei Liu E-mail:xuzhaomengsky@126.com;sumeiliu@ouc.edu.cn
  • About author:

    First author:Xu Zhaomeng (1989- ), male, Ji’nan City, Shandong Province, Ph.D student. Research areas include oceanography and biogeochemistry.E-mail:xuzhaomengsky@126.com

  • Supported by:
    Foundation item:Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China “Nitrogen loss and transformations in the Northern South China Sea” (No.41376086);Special Funds for Taishan Scholars Project
全文 ( 7 ) 下载PDF ( 712 )

底栖有孔虫是第一种被发现能够进行反硝化的真核生物,这突破了人们对真核生物代谢方式的认识。大量研究证明底栖有孔虫对于沉积物的反硝化贡献甚至远超过原核生物,有孔虫细胞内储存大量的硝酸盐,其储量远超过间隙水中的硝酸盐,这些发现为沉积物氮循环的传统认识提出了新的挑战。有孔虫体内储存硝酸盐和反硝化的研究,对于认识真核生物在无氧环境下生存代谢的机理以及更精确地量化海洋氮收支有非常重要的意义。介绍了底栖有孔虫细胞内储存硝酸盐和反硝化的发现过程,并且对不同海区有孔虫体内储存硝酸盐和整体反硝化速率进行对比讨论,同时还总结了目前有孔虫体内储存硝酸盐和反硝化机理的最新研究进展,最后探讨了该研究领域还存在的一些问题以及需要进一步开展的工作。

关键词: 底栖有孔虫, 硝酸盐, 反硝化

Benthic foraminifera is the first kind of eukaryotes reported to carry on denitrification, which breaks the understanding of the eukaryotic metabolic way. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the contribution of benthic foraminifera to sedimentary denitrification exceeds the prokaryotes. Furthermore, benthic foraminifera stores large amount of nitrate intracellularly, which far exceeds the amount of nitrate in pore water. These findings challenge our understanding of the nitrogen cycle in sediments. The study of foraminiferal intracellular nitrate storage and denitrification is significant to figure out the metabolic way of eukaryote in anoxic environment and to quantify the balance of nitrogen in marine environment. The history of foraminiferal intracellular nitrate storage and denitrification study was discussed. In addition, the distribution of foraminiferal intracellular nitrate and denitrification rates in marine environment was also discussed. The latest research progresses about the related mechanism were also summarized. Finally, the problems and challenges in present and future studies were discussed.

Key words: Benthic foraminifera, Nitrate Storage, Denitrification.

中图分类号: 

表1 不同海区有孔虫整体储存硝酸盐储量和间隙水中硝酸盐储量对比
Table 1 The inventories of foraminiferal intracellular nitrate and porewater nitrate in various marine sediments
地点 有孔虫整体储存硝酸
盐含量/(mmol/m2)		 间隙水中硝酸盐
含量/(mmol/m2)		 有孔虫整体储存硝酸盐
含量/间隙水中硝酸
含量(比值)		 参考文献
瑞典古尔马峡湾 1.33 0.05 27 [7]
日本相模湾 1.16 0.20 6 [11]
加利福尼亚圣佩德罗海盆 0.38 0.10 4 [10]
凯尔特海琼斯海岸 2.48 0.10 25 [35]
秘鲁氧值最小区 1.32 0.15 9 [36]
表2 不同有孔虫属种个体特定的反硝化速率
Table 2 Denitrification rates of various foraminiferal individual
有孔虫属种 反硝化速率/
(pmol N/(individual·d))		 地点 反硝化速率
测定方法		 有氧呼吸速率/
(pmol O2 /(individual· d))		 参考
文献
Ammonia tepida 0 Aiguillon湾 乙炔抑制法 2 030±72 [8]
Bolivina subaenariensis 78±2 比斯开湾 乙炔抑制法 252±50 [8]
Bolivina plicata 79 秘鲁氧值最小区 乙炔抑制法 - [8]
Bolivina seminuda 216 秘鲁氧值最小区 乙炔抑制法 368 [8]
Nonionella cf. stella 84±33 智力氧值最小区 乙炔抑制法 760±87 [7]
Stainforthia sp. 70 秘鲁氧值最小区 乙炔抑制法 822 [8]
Valvulineria bradyana 183±10 Rhône三角洲 乙炔抑制法 759±288 [8]
Valvulineria cf. laevigata 248±180 秘鲁氧值最小区 乙炔抑制法 754±146 [8]
Uvigerina phlegeri 46±2 Rhône三角洲 乙炔抑制法 90±25 [8]
Globobulimina turgida 565 古尔马海峡 氮同位素配对技术 - [7]
Bolivina argentea 1 976±1 103 圣巴巴海盆 氮同位素配对技术 - [10]
Fursenkoina cornuta 1 386±320 圣巴巴海盆 氮同位素配对技术 - [10]
表3 不同海区有孔虫整体反硝化速率和沉积物反硝化速率对比
Table 3 Total denitrification rates and foraminiferal denitrification rates in various marine environments
沉积物反硝化速率
/ (μmol N/(m2·d))		 有孔虫整体
反硝化速率/
(μmol N/(m2·d))		 有孔虫反硝化
在沉积物反硝
化中所占比例/%		 站位 近底层水
溶解氧浓度
/(μmol/L)		 深度/m 参考
文献
1 030 720 70 瑞典斯克格拉克峡湾 300 310 [8]
76 64 84 法国比斯开湾 200 450 [8]
250 173 70 智利氧值最小区 <1 88 [8]
900 420 47 秘鲁氧值最小区 1 79 [36]
3 800 1 320 34 秘鲁氧值最小区 1 248 [36]
3 200 550 17 秘鲁氧值最小区 1 319 [36]
700 13 2 秘鲁氧值最小区 13 697 [36]
510~840 78 9~18 阿拉伯海氧值最小区 <1 300 [8]
4 500 3 000 67 美国圣巴巴岛海盆 0~15 570 [10]
480~960 72~240 8~50 葡萄牙塔霍河等河口区 - 0 [8]
720 50 7 日本相模湾 55~60 1 450 [11]
120 1~13 1~11 凯尔特海琼斯海岸 267 125 [35]
45 16~26 36~58 黄海A02站位 213 73 [20]
144 62~88 43~61 黄海C05站位 220 78 [20]
图1 有孔虫在沉积物氮循环中的作用(据参考文献[4,19]修改)
DNRA:硝酸盐异化还原为铵
Fig.1 The role of benthic foraminifera in the sedimentary nitrogen cycle (modified after references[4,19])
DNRA:Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium
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