陆架边缘迁移轨迹研究现状及应用前景

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2017.09.0937

地球科学进展 ›› 2017, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (9): 937 -948. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2017.09.0937

陆架边缘迁移轨迹研究现状及应用前景

丛富云(

), 徐尚 ^*(

)

1.中国地质大学(武汉)构造与油气资源教育部重点实验室,湖北武汉 430074
2.中国地质大学(武汉)资源学院,湖北武汉 430074

收稿日期:2017-04-07 修回日期:2017-07-27 出版日期:2017-09-20
通讯作者: 徐尚 E-mail:fuyuncong@hotmail.com;xushang0222@163.com
基金资助:
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金“渤海湾盆地石臼坨凸起浅层油气运聚机理研究”(编号:CUG160605);国家自然科学基金项目“富有机质页岩类型及其沉积—成岩控制因素”(编号:41690131)资助

Research Status and Application Prospect of Shelf-Edge Trajectory Analysis

Fuyun Cong( ), Shang Xu ^*( )

1.Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources, Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
2.Faculty of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074, China

Received:2017-04-07 Revised:2017-07-27 Online:2017-09-20 Published:2017-09-20
Contact: Shang Xu E-mail:fuyuncong@hotmail.com;xushang0222@163.com
About author:
First author:Cong Fuyun (1992-), male, Qianjiang City, Hubei Province, Ph.D student. Research areas include sequence stratigraphy and reservoir prediction.E-mail:fuyuncong@hotmail.com
Supported by:
*Project supported by the Central Universities, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) “Petroleum migration and accumulation mechanism of shallow reservoirs in Shijiutuo uplift in Bohai Bay Basin”(No.CUG160605);The National Natural Science Foundation of China“Types of organic-rich shale and the sedimentary and diagenetic controlling factors”(No.41690131)

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迁移轨迹分析是沉积学与层序地层学关注的热点和前沿研究领域。与传统的分析方法相比,迁移轨迹分析方法旨在更加直观地识别沉积体系及预测砂岩储层。基于国内外研究进展,介绍了迁移轨迹基本理论和方法,并重点介绍了盆地方向的陆架边缘迁移轨迹类型(上升型、平缓型和下降型)、定量化评价指标以及在深水砂岩储层预测方面的应用。盆底扇的形成与陆架边缘迁移轨迹密切相关,大量实例研究表明大规模的盆底扇通常形成于平缓或者下降型迁移轨迹中。随着研究的深入,深水砂体发育与陆架边缘迁移轨迹的配置关系被认为受多种因素影响,应综合考虑沉积物供给、可容纳空间、古气候等因素才能准确预测有利深水砂岩储层的发育和分布。此外,还介绍了迁移轨迹分析理论的外延:①走向上迁移轨迹差异演化;②限制性沉积盆地的迁移轨迹分析理论;③碳酸盐岩沉积环境中迁移轨迹的应用,拟将该分析方法引入并应用到其他类型沉积盆地中。

关键词: 迁移轨迹分析, 砂岩储层预测, 定量化评价

Trajectory analysis is the hotspot and research frontier of sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy. Compared with conventional analytical methods, trajectory analysis is aiming at identifying sedimentary systems and predicting sandstone reservoirs more directly. The definition of trajectory analysis has been made by Helland-Hansen as “The study of the lateral and vertical migration of geomorphological features and associated sedimentary environments, with emphasis on the paths and directions of migration”. Based on current research progress, the basic concepts and methods of trajectory analysis, types of basinward-migrating trajectories (ascending, flat and descending), quantitative parameters and the application in predicting deep-water sandstone reservoirs were introduced. Trajectory analysis mainly centers on two scales: Shoreline trajectories and shelf-edge trajectories. The formation of basin-floor fans has close relation with shelf-edge trajectories, and multiple case studies have confirmed that large-scale basin floor fan usually form under flat or descending shelf-edge trajectories. As research advances, trajectory analysis theory, which developed in continental margins, is believed to have been influenced by multiple factors. Thus, the accurate prediction of sandstone reservoirs requires the comprehensive consideration of the influence of sediment supply, accommodation spaces, past climate and so on. In addition, the problems and extensions of trajectory analysis were also introduced, including ①the along-strike lateral differential evolution; ② trajectory analysis theory in hydrological-closed sedimentary basins; ③the application of trajectory analysis in carbonate settings. As a developing theory, the terminology of trajectory analysis still needs standardization, and the coupling between shelf-edge trajectories and the development and distribution of deep-water sandstones also needs further understanding. The next research focus could be placed on interpreting the evolution of three-dimensional sedimentary systems, and the extension of shelf-edge trajectory theory to hydrologically-closed basin and carbonate sedimentary environments. The research methods of trajectory analysis should also follow the newest trends to allow researchers to better study the evolution of shelf-edge trajectories, for instance, integrating high-resolution seismic data and logging data, core samples, outcrops and high-resolution dating techniques to describe ancient sedimentary environment and geomorphology, combining satellite imaging, ground penetrating radar to portray the modern morphology of continental margins, and utilizing remote sensing to construct more precise three-dimensional models for outcrops.

Key words: Trajectory analysis, Sandstone reservoir prediction, Quantitative evaluation.

中图分类号:

P539.2

图1 滨线及陆架边缘坡折地形示意图(据参考文献[9]修改)
(a) 单独的滨线坡折地形; (b) 高能三角洲环境下形成的水下三角洲坡折地形

Fig.1 Sketch illustrating shoreline clinoforms and shelf-edge clinoforms(modified after reference[9])
(a) Single shoreline clinoform; (b) Subaqueous delta clinoforms in high energy settings

图2 轨迹迁移不同研究方法
(a)探底雷达识别滨线迁移轨迹(据参考文献[26]修改);(b)地震剖面识别陆架边缘迁移轨迹(据参考文献[11]修改);(c) 野外露头识别陆架边缘迁移轨迹(据参考文献[12]修改);(d)露头、地震综合识别陆架边缘迁移轨迹(据参考文献[12]修改)

Fig.2 Different approaches for trajectory analysis
(a)Identifying shoreline trajectories using ground penetrating radar (modified after reference[26]); (b) Identifying shelf-edge trajectories using seismic data (modified after reference[11]); (c) Identifying shelf-edge trajectories in outcrops (modified after reference[12]); (d) Identifying shelf-edge trajectories by the integrated use of outcrops and seismic data (modified after reference[12])

图3 陆架边缘迁移轨迹类型(据参考文献[11]修改)
(a)上升型陆架边缘迁移轨迹;(b)平缓型陆架边缘迁移轨迹;(c)下降型陆架边缘迁移轨迹

Fig.3 Types of shelf-edge trajectories(modified after reference[11])
(a)Ascending shelf-edge trajectory; (b) Flat shelf-edge trajectory;(c) Descending shelf-edge trajectory

图4 坡折地形定量化指标计算示意图(据参考文献[20]修改)

Fig.4 Sketch showing quantitative parameters for clinoforms(modified after reference[20])

图5 陆架边缘迁移轨迹与深水砂体厚度相关关系(据参考文献[15]修改)

Fig.5 Correlation between shelf-edge trajectories and deep-water sandstone thickness(modified after reference[15])

图6 进积速率和沉积物供应量、深水砂体的统计关系(据参考文献[14]修改)

Fig.6 Progradation rates and inferred trends for sediment supply and deep-water sandstone volumes(modified after reference[14])

图7 基于沉积物供应量、气候条件和陆架可容纳空间的陆架边缘迁移轨迹分类及与深水砂体发育的关系(据参考文献[39]修改)

Fig.7 Classification of shelf-margin trajectoreis and the relationship with deep-water sandstone development, on the basis of variations in the interplay of sediment supply, shelf accommodation, and climatic factors(modified after reference[39])

图8 盆地形态、地质营力作用以及沉积物搬运通道变化综合影响Karoo盆地Waterford组陆架边缘走向上迁移轨迹和沉积物展布的变化(据参考文献[33]修改)

Fig.8 Lateral variability along the lower Waterford margin in the Karoo basin caused by the influence of basin physiography, process regimes and sediment transport conduits(modified after reference[33])

图9 沉降对湖相盆地基准面的影响(据参考文献[19]修改)
(a) 假设湖水体积(V)不变,均匀沉降不影响基准面高低;(b)假设湖水体积(V)不变,高沉降速率区域基准面上升,低沉降速率区域基准面下降

Fig.9 The influence of tectonic subsidence on base level change in lacustrine basins(modified after reference[19])
(a)If volume of water mass (V) is constant and rate of subsidence is homogeneous base level is not influenced; (b) If volume of water mass is constant, base level rises in area with high rate of subsidence and falls in area with low rate of subsidence

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