利用氮同位素技术识别石家庄市地下水硝酸盐污染源

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2004.02.0183

地球科学进展 ›› 2004, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (2): 183 -191. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2004.02.0183

张翠云 ^1,2;张胜 ²;李政红 ²;刘少玉 ²

中国地质大学水资源与环境工程学院，北京 100083；中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所，河北石家庄 050061

收稿日期:2003-06-12 修回日期:2003-08-18 出版日期:2004-12-20
通讯作者: 张翠云（1962-），女，广东兴宁人，研究员，主要从事人为影响地下水及其生态效应研究. E-mail:E-mail:cuiyunzh@hotmail.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目“应用同位素技术改善石家庄地下水资源管理”（编号：40072083）；国土资源部科技专项计划项目下属课题“人类活动对区域地下水循环演化的影响”（编号： 200010301-05）资助.

USING NITROGEN ISOTOPE TECHNIQUES TO IDENTIFY THE SOURCES OF THE NITRATE CONTAMINATION TO THE GROUNDWATER BENEATH SHIJIAZHUANG CITY

ZHANG Cuiyun ^1,2, ZHANG Sheng ², LI Zhenghong ², LIU Shaoyu ²

1.School of Water Resource and Environmental Engineering Department, China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083, China; 2, Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geology , Shijiazhuang 050061, China

Received:2003-06-12 Revised:2003-08-18 Online:2004-12-20 Published:2004-04-01

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地下水NO－ 3污染是石家庄市地下水管理面临的一个主要问题。本次研究通过地下水及其潜在补给源的氮同位素和水化学调查，确定和识别石家庄市地下水NO－ 3污染程度和污染源。地下水中的无机氮化合物主要以NO－ 3形式存在，浓度变化在 2．65～152．1 m g／L之间，均值为（54．88± 31）m g／L（ n＝44），48％的样品浓度超过国际饮水标准（50 m g／L）。地下水样品的NO－ 3－ 15 N值域＋4．53‰～＋25．36‰，均值＋9．94‰±4．40‰（ n＝34）。34个样品中，22个样品（65％）的氮同位素值大于＋8‰；与1991年相比，氮同位素组成指示地下水NO－ 3的主要来源已由当时矿化的土壤有机氮变为现在的动物粪便或污水；结合Cl－分析，南部地下水NO－3还受到东明渠污水的影响。其余12个样品（35％）的氮同位素值变化在＋4‰～＋8‰之间，其中 15 N值较大的（＋6‰～＋8‰）指示来自土壤有机氮，较小的（＋4‰～＋6‰）指示来自氨挥发较弱、快速入渗的化肥厂污水。根据上述研究结果，提出了改善石家庄市地下水管理的措施。

关键词: 氮同位素, 硝酸盐污染源, 地下水管理, 石家庄市

NO₃^-contamination in groundwater is one of the major problems confronted by groundwater management for Shijiazhuang City. In this study, nitrogen isotopes and hydrochemistry for groundwater and various potential recharge sources were investigated to determine and identify the extent and sources of contamination from NO₃^-in the groundwater beneath Shijiazhuang City. Inorganic nitrogen compounds in the groundwater mainly existed in the species of NO₃^-，whose concentrations ranged from 2.65 to 152.1 mg/L with a mean of 54.88±31mg/L（[WTBX]n[WT]=44）. Some 48% of the total samples had NO₃^- concentrations, which exceeded the drinking water standard of 50 mg/L. The ¹⁵N values of groundwater ranged from +4.53‰ to +25.36‰ with a mean of +9.94‰±4.40‰([WTBX]n[WT]=34). Of the 34 samples analyzed, 22 samples (65%) had greater ¹⁵N than +8‰. Compared with that in 1991, nitrogen isotopic compositions indicated that the major sources of NO₃^- in groundwater changed from mineralized soil organic nitrogen at that time to animal wastes or sewage at present. From the analysis of Cl^-, NO₃^- in the groundwater in the southern part was also affected by sewage from Dongmingqu channel. The remaining 12 samples had a nitrogen isotopic signature of +4‰～+8‰, of which heavier end (+6‰～+8‰) suggested that NO₃^- mainly come from soil organic nitrogen mineralized and lighter end (+4‰～+6‰) was indicative of NO₃^-from effluents, which had weak ammonia volatilization and rapid filtration, discharged by fertilizer plants. Based on these studies, the measurements of groundwater management were recommended.

Key words: Nitrogen isotope, Sources of nitrate contamination, Groundwater management, Shijiazhuang City.

中图分类号:

X131.2

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