热液金矿金的溶解和迁移研究进展

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2012.08.0847

Au-S和Au-Cl配合物是金在热液中迁移的2种主要形式。近中性含硫热液中主要为Au(HS)^-₂，而Au-S二次中性配合物(如Au(H₂S)HS⁰)可能是酸性热液中金的主要迁移载体。低硫高盐度高温热液中金主要以AuCl^-₂形式迁移。一些高温环境(如火山喷气)下，金可能以中性配合物如AuCl⁰和AuS·(H₂O)_m等形式进入气相流体。金以胶体形式运移可解释一些金矿空间上的大规模均匀展布。金也可能与As和Sb形成Au-S-As及Au-S-Sb的复合配合物协同迁移。指出了解成矿事实、改进实验设备、完善热力学参数、反应动力学及金的气相、表面过程迁移机制等将是今后研究的主要方面。

关键词: 溶解, 迁移, 配合物, 热液金矿

Au-S and Au-Cl complexes are the two main hydrothermal species that transport gold. The species Au(HS)^-₂ is dominant in near neutral solution while complexes such as Au(H₂S)HS⁰ with twofold stoichiometry may be important in acidic conditions. In solution with low sulfur and high chloride concentration, AuCl^-₂ is predominant under elevated temperatures. In contrast, some other neutral compounds like AuCl⁰，AuS·(H₂O)_m are suggested to distribute in gaseous fluids with respect to high-temperature circumstances (e.g. volcanic exhalation). The promoted ore fluid’s capacity to retain gold in solution over large transport distances involved could be explained by the mechnism that gold is likely to dispersing and precipitating in soution by colloid grains. Moreover, gold has the potential to comigrate with As and Sb, which combine with Au and S to shape Au-S-As and Au-S-Sb compound complexes, respectively. Future prospects for study on dissolving and migrating of gold are suggested to focus on realizing the truth of gold ore-forming geologically, improving experimental apparatuses, complementing thermodynamics parameters, and investigating kinetics of metaldissolving reactions, as well as subjects about gold transporting by vapour compounds and surface-driven process.

Key words: Hydrothermal gold ores, Dissolving, , Migrating, Complex

中图分类号:

P618.51

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Dissolution and Migration of Au in Hydrothermal :Ore Deposit: A Review