CO
  <sub>2</sub>的地质埋存与资源化利用进展

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2007.07.0698

把CO₂注入油气藏、煤层提高油气采收率的方法（CO₂-EOR、CO₂-EGR、CO₂-ECBM），因其在提高石油、天然气和煤层气采收率的同时，又能使一部分CO₂永久地埋存于地下，实现油气增产和CO₂减排的双赢效果，而成为当今CO₂减排最具潜力的现实选择。CO₂-EOR（Enhanced Oil Recovery）方法适用于油田开发晚期，通过把CO₂注入到比较稳定的油藏，一般可提高油藏采收率达10%～15%；另外把CO₂注入到气田中，实施CO₂-EGR（Enhanced Gas Recovery）。一方面，接近枯竭的气田在没有地层水入侵之前具有巨大的埋存能力，为CO₂提供巨大的埋存空间；另一方面注入CO₂后，使地层重新增压保持储层中原始的压力，可以保持储层的完整性和安全性。同时，原有的油气圈闭可作为良好的埋存箱能有效地阻止CO₂泄漏，使部分CO₂能永久地埋存于地下。此外，也可以把CO₂注入到煤层中，实施CO₂-ECBM（Enhanced Coalbed Methane Recovery），利用煤层对CO₂和煤层气（主要为甲烷）吸附能力的差异，实现CO₂排替CH₄，提高CH₄的采收率。

关键词: 油气藏, 地质埋存, 采收率, 煤层, CO₂

Injecting CO₂ into the subsurface oil and gas reservoirs and coalbeds, at the moment, is the most realistic choice in reducing the CO₂ emission into the atmosphere, which can not only enhance the recoveries of the oil and gas, and coal bed methane, but also can sequestrate partial CO₂ within the subsurface reservoirs and coal beds permanently. CO₂ enhanced oil recovery ( CO₂ -EOR) is generally performed in the late stage of oil exploration and development, by which CO₂ is injected into the oil reservoirs to enhance the oil recoveries, in general, up to 10-15% by volume. Similarly, CO₂ enhanced gas recovery ( CO₂ -EGR) is to inject the CO₂ into the gas reservoirs to enhance the gas recoveries. The extracted gas reservoirs can provide voluminous pore spaces for CO₂ storage prior to flooding by formation waters. In this case, Injecting CO₂ into the subsurface gas reservoirs would increase the reservoir pressure and maintain the primary formation pressure, which can keep the integrity and reduce the damage of reservoirs. In the meantime, the traps of oil and gas pools are also good compartments from which leakage of injected CO₂ is prevented, such that the CO₂ is sequestrate in the subsurface permanently. In addition, the CO₂ can also be used to enhance the recovery of coalbed methane by injecting CO₂ into the coalbeds ( CO₂ -ECBM), due to the differences in coal adsorption for CO₂ and CH₄. Higher absorption of CO₂ related to CH₄ by coals would result in the displacement of CH₄ by CO₂ in place, thereby enhancing the recovery of coalbed methane when the CO₂ is injected into the CH₄-bearing coalbeds.

Key words: Coalbed, CO2, Oil and gas reservoir, Geological storage, Recovery.

中图分类号:

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摘要

Geological Storage of CO 2 and Commercial Utilization

Geological Storage of CO ₂ and Commercial Utilization