灾害恢复力研究进展综述

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2006.02.0211

自20世纪以来，随着人口、资源与环境矛盾的日益加深，全球各区域的自然灾害成灾次数、经济损失和受灾人口明显增多，自然灾害灾情不断上升，灾害风险已经成为可持续发展的最大障碍。风险、脆弱性、恢复力和适应性相关的灾害综合管理和减灾作为实施可持续发展的重要途径，已被学术界、经济与社会界予以高度重视。在国际减灾十年（IDNDR）活动、国际减灾战略（ISDR）的相继实施的大背景下，国内外学者兴起了研究灾害脆弱性和恢复力的新一轮热潮。目前国内外对承灾体脆弱性的研究较多，但对于灾害恢复力的恢复力研究才刚刚起步，虽然承灾体的恢复力建设近年来也逐渐被认识到是减灾行动中的一个重要环节。20世纪70年代开始，恢复力这一概念首先从力学被引入生态领域，目前，它已经成为生态、灾害和气候变化等多个学科共同关注的对象。对恢复力的概念发展和国内外目前的研究动态进行了较全面的综述，论述了灾害恢复力的科学价值和重要性，分析了灾害脆弱性与灾害恢复力的关系，总结了恢复力评估的主要方法、特点和难点，并在此基础上对灾害恢复力未来研究进行了展望，提出了研究的关键问题并建议进行更深入的研究。

关键词: 恢复力, 脆弱性, 自然灾害

The implementation of the International Decade for Natrual Disaster Reduction (IDNDR) and the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR) leads some of the government departments and disaster management institutions changed their disaster reduction research emphases to vulnerability and resilience, and there occurs a new upsurge in the vulnerability and resilience research among the foreign and domestic scholars. Since the 1970s the concept of resilience has also been used in a more metaphorical sense to describe ecosystems that undergo stress and have the ability to recover and return to their original state. The concept of resilience is now a common study object in a great variety of interdisciplinary work concerned with the interactions between people and nature, including ecology, disaster and environment change. The overview of the conceptual development of disaster resilience shows that what was once a concept used only to describe the ability to recover from external shocks is now a comprehensive concept related to many system functions before, during and after disasters, including learning, adaptation, adjustment, recovery and so on. But at present, the disaster resilience research is still at a conceptual research stage, there are no common-accepted operational definition or well-developed assessment models. This paper concludes the conceptual development and recent research status quo of resilience comprehensively and points out the scientific value and significance to do research on disaster resilience, then analyzes the relationship between disaster resilience and vulnerability and the assessment difficulties. At last, some main research issues and key questions to be solved in future is discussed.

Key words: Resilience, Vulnerability, Natural disaster.

中图分类号:

X802.4

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The REVIEW OF DISASTER RESILIENCE RESEARCH