海洋碳循环模式的研究进展

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2005.10.1106

从最简单的三箱模式开始简要回顾了海洋碳循环模式的发展历史，讨论了不同发展时期各种模式的特点，并指出了海洋吸收大气CO₂的能力。近年来全球海洋环流碳循环模式经常使用简单生化过程，而在过程模式和一维模式中较详尽探讨生态系统在海洋碳循环的作用。最新的全球环流碳循模式估计海洋在20世纪80年代每年吸收大气CO₂为1.5~2.2 GtC。还讨论了模拟海洋碳循环的现状和存在的问题。使用含显式生态系统的碳循环模式是研究CO₂生物地球循环及其对全球变化响应的发展趋势。

关键词: 碳循环, 碳循环模式, 海洋生态系统, 大气CO₂

This paper briefly reviews the history of development of ocean carbon-cycle models from the beginning of the simplest three-box model，discusses the features of various models at different times，and points out the ability of oceanic uptake of atmospheric CO₂. In recent years，the global oceancirculation model of carbon cycle often uses a simple biogeochemical model，while in the process-based model and one-dimensional model the role of ecosystem in the ocean carbon cycle is explored in relative detail. In 1995, the Ocean Carbon-Cycle Model Intercomparison Project (OCMIP) was initiated by IGBP/GAIM. Two phases have been completed. In the second phase, 13 modeling groups participated in the project. Although OCMIP is now in its third phase, some papers from the first or second phase are still in preparation. The newest global oceancirculation models estimate an annual mean oceanic uptake of 1.5-2.2 GtC of anthropogenic CO₂ for the 1980s. In spite of many achievements, which have revealed the basic features of oceanic uptake and distributions of atmospheric CO₂, many challenges still remain that require further research, which is discussed. One of serious issues is the consistency of physical fields, which can be assessed through examination of anthropogenic tracers. The parameterization of air-sea exchange of CO₂ still needs to be further studied. The use of the carbon cycle model with an explicit ecosystem is a developing trend in the study of biogeochemical cycle of carbon dioxide and its response to global change.

Key words: Carbon cycle, Carbon cycle model, Marine ecosystem, Atmospheric CO₂. 

中图分类号:

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摘要

ADVANCES IN THE STUDIES OF OCEAN CARBON-CYCLE MODEL