气溶胶吸收及气候效应研究的新进展

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2004.04.0630

最新研究结果表明仅关注气溶胶大气顶辐射强迫是不够的，特别是对于在短波辐射区域存在较强吸收的气溶胶类型，如烟尘、沙尘气溶胶。INDOEX实验表明来自印度次大陆的吸收性气溶胶产生的地表辐射强迫在量值上是大气顶辐射强迫的3倍左右，二者的差额以大气辐射加热的形式出现。气溶胶吸收通过加热气溶胶层所在大气，减少地表太阳辐射，影响地面蒸发，改变大气稳定度，从而影响水分循环。另外气溶胶的吸收对云产生“燃烧效应”，从而可能导致云量下降。鉴于气溶胶吸收的重要性，气溶胶吸收问题是当前气溶胶气候效应研究的一个热点问题。尽管关于气溶胶的吸收问题以及与之有关的气候效应还存在很大不确定性，根据观测事实或模拟结果得出的结论差别明显，但勿庸置疑的是气溶胶吸收是一个急需深入探讨的课题。由于我国北方地区春季沙尘活动十分频繁，而东部地区由于能源结构以及能源利用效率等问题致使气溶胶中吸收性成分（碳黑）含量偏高，一些资料分析以及模式研究结果均表明我国发生了一些有别于全球或其他地区的独特气候变化现象，初步分析表明气溶胶吸收在其中可能发挥了一定作用，因此加强我国气溶胶吸收特性的观测和理论研究，结合全球或区域气候模式，深入认识我国气溶胶辐射强迫、气候效应具有重要的科学意义，另外对于评估我国近年来采取的一些卓有成效的污染控制措施的环境和气候效应也是必不可少的。

关键词: 吸收, 气候效应, 气溶胶, 辐射强迫

It's not enough to focus only on Top of Atomospheric (TOA) aerosol direct radiative forcing, especially for absorptive aerosol types such as smoke and dust aerosols. It's shown by INDOEX experiment that absorptive aerosol (mainly from anthropogenic productions) surface radiative forcing in magnitude is nearly 3 times more than that at TOA, the difference between them is the heating of atmosphere that contains absorptive aerosol. Combined with the heating of the atmospheric and reducing in earth's surface radiation due to aerosol absorption, evaporation and atmospheric stability may be affected and it is possible to influence hydrological cycle. Additionally, aborptive aerosol may produce cloud “burning effect”, then result in decreased cloud amount. Aerosol absorption has become the hot topic concerning aerosol's effects on climate. It's valuable to study aerosol absorption, since that there are large uncertainties and some inconsistency results have been obtained concerning aerosol absorption and its effects on climate. It's absolutely necessary to strengthen experiment and theory studies on aerosol absorption in China due to high occurrences of dust storms in north China and high concentration of black carbon (BC) in east China. The high concentration of BC is partly resulted by our energy consumption structure and relatively low energy consumption efficiency. It's shown by data and model analyses that aerosol absorption probably plays an important role in unique climate change in China with comparsion of in other region or globe. It's of significance to deepen our knowledge of aerosol radiative forcing and climate effects in China with the help of global or region climate model, at the same time, it's also helpful to estimate the environment and climate effects of pollution control measures taken by our country in recent years. 

Key words: Absorption, Radiative forcing, Climate effect.

中图分类号:

X513

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摘要

LATEST ADVANCES IN AEROSOL ABSORPTION AND ITS CLIMATE EFFECTS