地球科学进展

地球科学进展 ›› 2014, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (10): 1197 -1203. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2014.10.1197

所属专题： 青藏高原研究——青藏科考；

上一篇    

基于三维激光扫描仪的青藏铁路风沙工程效益评价
张克存( ), 安志山, 屈建军, 庞营军   
  1. 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所敦煌戈壁荒漠生态与环境研究站, 沙漠与沙漠化重点实验室 甘肃 兰州 730000
  • 出版日期:2014-10-20
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点基础研究发展计划项目“青藏高原重大冻土工程的基础研究”(编号：2012CB026105);国家自然科学基金项目“青藏铁路沿线风沙堆积对多年冻土环境影响的实验研究”(编号：41271216)资助

Application of 3D Laser Scanning Technology in the Evaluation of Aeolian Sand Engineering along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway

Kecun Zhang( ), Zhishan An, Jianjun Qu, Yingjun Pang   

  1. Dunhuang Gobi and Desert Ecology and Environment Research Station/Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
  • Online:2014-10-20 Published:2014-10-20
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三维激光扫描技术是近年来发展起来的新型空间信息测量技术。将三维激光扫描技术应用于青藏铁路沿线风沙工程防护体系的效益评价中,通过对铁路沿线典型防沙措施积沙形态特征、断面蚀积廓线以及蚀积量的精确测量发现：砾石方格内垂直铁路方向易形成稳定凹曲面,且方格两侧沙埂处积沙较多,中心部位积沙较少,固沙效果显著。阻沙栅栏有效防护距离为栅栏高度的12倍,单位宽度拦截沙量高达14.93 m3,设置防护体系时,阻沙栅栏间隔应保持其高度的9~12倍。研究结论为青藏铁路沿线风沙综合防护体系的措施选择、结构优化和合理布局提供技术支撑。

关键词: Rocky checkerboard sand barriers, Sand fences, Sand damages, Protective benefit.

3D laser scanning has been a new technology in measurement of spatial information in recent years. In this paper, this technology was applied tentatively to the efficiency evaluation of the protective system of sand drift control engineering along Qinghai-Tibet Railway. The sand control efficiency of the system was evaluated by accurately measuring the morphology of sand deposition over the typical sand drift control measures, aeolian erosion and deposition profiles of the cross-section and quantities of erosion and deposition using the 3D laser scanning technology. The concave surface of rocky checkerboard sand barriers easily formed along the perpendicularly direction to the railway. Sand accumulation occured more on the sides of rocky checkerboard than its center. The effective distance of sand fences was about 12 H and sand-blocking volume was 14.93 m3 per 1 m width. Therefore, the space of sand fences should remain 9~12 H in the construction of protective systems. The objective of this study is to extend this technology to the measurement of sand disaster threatening other railways, buildings and engineering measures and to the evaluation of the protective efficiency of their control systems, thus eventually providing technical support to the measure selection, structure optimization and rational distribution of the integrative sand drift control system.

Key words: 砾石方格, 阻沙栅栏, 风沙灾害, 防护效益

中图分类号: 

图1 青藏铁路北麓河段防护体系风沙堆积体三维测量
Fig. 1 3D Leica ScanStation (C10) used in the Beiluhe section along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway
图2 生成砾石方格TIN模型
Fig. 2 TIN model of rocky checkerboard-liked sand barrier along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway
表1 青藏铁路沿线主要站点年均风况
Table 1 Annual wind regimes in the stations along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway
站名 大风日数/d 年均风速/(m/s) 最大风速/(m/s)
格尔木 22.4 2.7 26
五道梁 135.5 3.9 31
沱沱河 167.8 4.1 32
安多 148.8 4.1 38
那曲 97.8 2.9 24
当雄 66.4 2.8 20
拉萨 32.4 2.1 32
图3 青藏铁路沿线砾石方格
Fig. 3 Rocky checkerboard-liked sand barrier along Qinghai-Tibet Railway
图4 砾石方格风沙蚀积断面形态
Fig. 4 Aeolian erosion and deposition profiles of rocky checkerboard-liked sand barrier
图5 砾石方格风沙堆积体体积计算示意图
Fig. 5 Schematic diagram of volume calculation of rocky checkerboard-liked sand barrier
图6 砾石方格沙障内积沙量
Fig. 6 Volume of deposition in the rocky checkerboard-liked sand barrier
图7 阻沙栅栏3D地貌激光扫描实景
Fig. 7 Aeolian deposition around sand-blocking fences scanned by the 3D Leica ScanStation
图8 阻沙栅栏积沙断面形态
Fig. 8 Aeolian erosion and deposition profiles of sand-blocking fences
图 9 阻沙栅栏两侧单宽阻沙量及百分比
Fig. 9 Volume of deposition around sand-blocking fences
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