地球科学进展 ›› 2019, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (9): 891 -900. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2019.09.0891

所属专题: “沙尘天气追因、影响及治理”虚拟专刊

综述与评述    下一篇

戈壁沙尘释放过程与机理研究进展
张正偲 1( ),潘凯佳 1, 2,梁爱民 1, 2,董治宝 3,李兴财 4   
  1. 1. 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,甘肃 兰州 730000
    2. 中国科学院大学,北京100049
    3. 陕西 师范大学 地理科学与旅游学院,陕西 西安 710119
    4. 宁夏大学,宁夏 银川 750021
  • 收稿日期:2019-07-27 修回日期:2019-09-01 出版日期:2019-09-10
  • 通讯作者: 张正偲 E-mail:zhangzhsi@sina.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“阿拉善高原西居延海地区冲积—洪积砂砾戈壁粉尘释放机理与模型研究”(41971014);宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目“荒漠化地区光伏电站电能高效预测的若干关键技术研究”(2018BFH03004)

Progress on Process and Mechanism of Sand and Dust Emission on Gobi

Zhengcai Zhang 1( ),Kaijia Pan 1, 2,Aimin Liang 1, 2,Zhibao Dong 3,Xingcai Li 4   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
    3. School of Geography and Tourism,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’ an 710119,China
    4. School of Physics & Electronic-Electrical Engineering,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing for the Desert Information,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China
  • Received:2019-07-27 Revised:2019-09-01 Online:2019-09-10 Published:2019-11-15
  • Contact: Zhengcai Zhang E-mail:zhangzhsi@sina.com
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China “Study on the mechanism and model of the alluvial-diluvia gravel desert dust emission in the west Juyan Lake;Alxa Plateau(41971014);The Key Research and Development Program of Ningxia Province of China "Research on key technologies of solar power plant energy efficiency in the desertification region"(2018BFH03004)

戈壁是中国西北干旱区的重要地表类型之一,被认为是我国乃至于中亚的沙尘暴源区。受戈壁特殊下垫面影响,沙尘释放过程与机理明显不同于沙漠等其他地表类型。系统分析了影响沙尘释放过程的风动力系统、地貌格局和下垫面特征;从摩阻起动风速和地表粗糙度的角度探讨了戈壁沙尘释放的机理。最后在总结前人工作基础上,结合区域和全球沙尘释放模型的需要,提出加强戈壁地表性质参数化过程、戈壁区沙源甄别和沙尘释放机理是戈壁沙尘释放研究的重中之重。

Gobi is one of the most important landscapes in northwest China, and it is also one of the dust sources in north China and even in central Asia. Based on the different land surface characteristics on the gobi surface, sand and dust emission process and mechanism are obviously different with other landscapes, such as sandy desert. Dust emission process and mechanism on the gobi surface were analyzed in this paper. Wind power system, geomorphology pattern and underlying characteristics were considered for their effect on the sand and dust emission process. Then, the mechanism of land surface characteristics on threshold wind velocity was analyzed. Finally, based on the previous studies on dust emission and mechanism, and in combination with the regional and global requirement, we suggested that the land surface characteristics parameterization, identification of the dust sources and sediment emission mechanism should be the main issues in the future gobi sand and dust research.

中图分类号: 

图2 中国戈壁区风动力系统
Fig.2 Wind regime in the northwest China gobi area
图3 地貌格局对现代沙尘释放过程影响模型
(a)中国主要沙尘源区物源与山脉动力过程分析;(b)山脉物源动力过程示意图
Fig.3 Schematic overview of high-latitude dust sources and sinks in glacial and paraglacial landscapes
(a) Sediment supplement process in the dust source region and mountains; (b) Sediment supplement processes from mountains
图1 戈壁和沙尘暴发生区空间分布图[ 24 ]
Fig.1 Sptial distribution of gobi and dust storm occurring regions in northwest China[ 24 ]
表1 戈壁、沙漠和沙地地表特征对比
Table 1 Surface properties comparison between gobi and sand desert
图4 典型戈壁地表属性示意图
(a)无结皮戈壁;(b)含有冲沟和雅丹的戈壁;(c)含冲沟戈壁;(d)含有结皮的戈壁;(e)戈壁和冲积物并存;(f)含干湖沉积物戈壁
Fig.4 Typical gobi surface characteristics
(a)Without crust; (b) With gully and yardang; (c)With gully; (d)With crust; (e)Coexitence of gobi and diluvial deposition; (f)Large area of alluvial deposition in gobi region
图5 沙尘释放机理示意图
(a)戈壁地表沙尘起动过程 [ 46 ];(b)沙尘释放量与摩阻风速的关系;(c)摩阻风速与地表参数之间的关系 [ 48 ]
Fig.5 The sketch map of sand and dust emission mechanism
(a)Sand and dust material emission processes [ 46 ]; (b)The relationship between dust flux and shear velocity; (c)The relationship between shear velocity and land surface parameters [ 48 ]
图6 沙尘释放野外观测与模型建立过程[ 46 , 47 , 48 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 ]
Fig.6 Dust emission field measurements and modeling optimization[ 46 , 47 , 48 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 ]
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