基于海洋分析资料的吕宋海峡水交换的月际变化特征

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2015.05.0609

利用1993—2006年1~12月AIPO（The joining area of Asia and IndianPacific Ocean）流场数据,分析了吕宋海峡120°E断面水交换流速结构的平均月际变化特征,并计算了通过该断面的水通量,探讨了水通量及其垂向结构的月际和季节变化特征。结果表明：①在断面的南北方向,西向流和东向流分别大致以19.5°N和21.5°N线为界,二者交替相间分布,呈“两进（西向流入南海）两出（东向流出南海）”的结构;21.5°N以南的300 m以深和21.5°N以北的1 000 m以浅海域,常年存在南海水东向流入太平洋。②上层、深层和整个断面的净水通量几乎均为西向流,净水通量冬季最大,春季和秋季次之,夏季最小。中层除12月外,其他各月的净水通量均为东向流出南海,净水通量春季最大,夏季和秋季次之,冬季最小。③整个断面的净水通量,1~ 5月和8~ 11月呈“三明治”结构,6~ 7月呈2层结构;12月呈单层结构,年平均呈“三明治”结构。

关键词: 吕宋海峡, 南海, 西北太平洋, 水交换, 水通量

The characteristics of the average monthly variation of the velocity distribution of water exchange across the 120°E section in the Luzon Strait is analyzed. The volume transport of this water exchange is calculated, the monthly and seasonal variation structure of the volume transport and its vertical structure are discussed based on the AIPO（The joining area of Asia and IndianPacific Ocean）data from 1993 to 2006. The results show that:①In the north-south direction of the section, the boundary of the westward flow is located at near 19.5°N, while the boundary of the eastward flow is located at near 21.5°N. The velocity distribution of the westward and eastward flows alternate, is characteristic of a two-in（west to flow into the South China Sea）two-out（out of the South China Sea）structure. The water of the South China Sea flows into the Pacific Ocean to the east direction each month throughout the year, in the area as deep as more than 300 m in south of 21.5°N, and less than 1 000 m in north of 21.5°N.②Almost all the net volume transports in the upper, the deeper and the full depth layers flow westward, which claim the largest in winter, followed by autumn and spring, and with a minimum in summer. The net volume transport of the middle layer is the largest in spring, followed by summer and autumn, with a minimum in winter.③The net volume transport of the entire section, features a sandwich structure in January-May and August-November, a two-layer structure in June and July, and a single-layer structure in December. Averagely within a year, the annual average structure of the net volume transport presents a sandwich structure.

Key words: Luzon Strait, The South China Sea, Northwest Pacific, Water exchange, Transport volume.

中图分类号:

P722.7

图1 吕宋海峡地形和断面位置分布红色线段为研究断面位置

Fig.1 Map showing distribution of the terrain and the section position The red line indicates the 120°E section position

图2 2005年10月吕宋海峡120.5°E断面u-方向流场分布图(a)中阴影部分和图(b)中虚线部分表示西向流,图(a)中虚线部分和图(b)中实线部分表示东向流;（a)2005年秋季（10月4~ 16日）LADCP现场观测海流资料（cm/s)^{[

8
]};(b)2005年秋季（10月4~ 16日）AIPO资料（m/s）

Fig.2 Map showing distribution of the flow in the direction of u across 120°E section in the Luzon Strait in October 2005 The shaded of the figure (a) and the dashed line of the figure (b) show westward flow. The dashed line of the figure (a) and the solid line of the figure (b) show eastward flow. （a）LADCP observation data of flow in the fall of 2005（October 4~16 days（cm/s）^{[

8
]};（b）AIPO data used by the paper of flow in the fall of 2005（October 4~16 days（m/s））

图3 吕宋海峡120°E断面流速EOF第一模态（a）第二模态（b）的空间分布

Fig.3 The spatial distribution of the first mode（a）and the second mode（b）of the flow EOF across 120°E section in the Luzon Strait

图4 吕宋海峡120°E断面流速EOF前2个模态时间系数曲线

Fig.4 The time coefficient curve of the first two mode of the flow EOF across 120°E section in the Luzon Strait

图5 吕宋海峡120°E断面1~12月流速（m/s）分布图虚线表示太平洋水西向流入南海;实线表示南海水东向流入太平洋;紫色线表示0等值线;蓝色垂线为19.5°N标注线;红色垂线为21.5°N标注线

Fig.5 Map showing distribution of the flow across 120°E section in the Luzon Strait from January to December（m/s） Dashed line shows water of the Pacific flow westward into the South China Sea;The solid line shows water of the South China Sea flow eastward into the Pacific;The purple line indicates the 0 contour;The blue vertical line marked for 19.5°N;The red vertical lines marked for 21.5°N

表1 吕宋海峡120°E断面东向流和西向流水通量的相关性分析

Table 1 The correlation Analysis of the flow to the east and west across 120°E section in the Luzon Strait

	A（19.5°N以南的西向流）	B（19.5°N以北的西向流）	C（21.5°N以南的东向流）	D（21.5°N以北的东向流）
A（19.5°N以南的西向流）	1	0.30*	-0.56**	-0.11*
B（19.5°N以北的西向流）	0.30*	1	0.46*	-0.89***
C（21.5°N以南的东向流）	-0.56**	0.46*	1	-0.57**
D（21.5°N以北的东向流）	-0.11*	-0.89***	-0.57**	1

表1 吕宋海峡120°E断面东向流和西向流水通量的相关性分析

Table 1 The correlation Analysis of the flow to the east and west across 120°E section in the Luzon Strait

	A（19.5°N以南的西向流）	B（19.5°N以北的西向流）	C（21.5°N以南的东向流）	D（21.5°N以北的东向流）
A（19.5°N以南的西向流）	1	0.30*	-0.56**	-0.11*
B（19.5°N以北的西向流）	0.30*	1	0.46*	-0.89***
C（21.5°N以南的东向流）	-0.56**	0.46*	1	-0.57**
D（21.5°N以北的东向流）	-0.11*	-0.89***	-0.57**	1

图6 吕宋海峡120°E断面1~12月东向流和西向流流量变化

Fig.6 The transport volume of the flow to the east and west across 120°E section in the Luzon Strait from January to December

图7 吕宋海峡2月流速（m/s）分布图红色线表示断面位置

Fig.7 Map showing distribution of the flow in the Luzon Strait in February（m/s） The red line indicates the 120°E section position

图8 吕宋海峡120°E断面各层净流量的变化负值表示西向流入南海;正值表示东向流入太平洋

Fig.8 Changes of the net volume transport of layers across 120°E section in the Luzon Strait Negative values shows water of the Pacific flow westward into the South China Sea;Positive values shows water of the South China Sea flow eastward into the Pacific

表2 吕宋海峡120°E断面净水通量结构月际变化

Table 2 The monthly changes of the net volume transport structure across 120°E section in the Luzon Strait

出现时间	净水通量结构形态		结构名称
1~ 5月、8~ 11月		“三明治”结构
6~ 7月		两层结构
12月		单层结构

表2 吕宋海峡120°E断面净水通量结构月际变化

Table 2 The monthly changes of the net volume transport structure across 120°E section in the Luzon Strait

出现时间	净水通量结构形态		结构名称
1~ 5月、8~ 11月		“三明治”结构
6~ 7月		两层结构
12月		单层结构

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摘要

Monthly Variation Characteristics of Water Exchange Based on the Analyzed Ocean Data in the Luzon Strait