地球科学进展

地球科学进展 ›› 2019, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (10): 1069 -1080. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2019.10.1069

研究论文 上一篇    下一篇

南海北部中尺度涡的时空分布特征：基于卫星高度计资料的统计分析
王萌( ),张艳伟( ),刘志飞,吴家望   
  1. 同济大学海洋地质国家重点实验室，上海 200092
  • 收稿日期:2019-08-02 修回日期:2019-09-15 出版日期:2019-10-10
  • 通讯作者: 张艳伟 E-mail:wmeng_21212@163.com;ywzhang@tongji.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目“中尺度涡对南海东北部深层湍流混合的影响”(41576005);国家自然科学基金重点项目“南海中央海盆中新世以来深水沉积作用及其区域构造与环境演化意义”(41530964)

Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Mesoscale Eddies in the Northern South China Sea: Statistics Analysis Based on Altimeter Data

Meng Wang( ),Yanwei Zhang( ),Zhifei Liu,Jiawang Wu   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
  • Received:2019-08-02 Revised:2019-09-15 Online:2019-10-10 Published:2019-12-09
  • Contact: Yanwei Zhang E-mail:wmeng_21212@163.com;ywzhang@tongji.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China “Influence of mesoscale eddies on the deepwater turbulent mixing in the South China Sea” (No.41576005) and “Deepwater sedimentation since the Miocene in the Central Basin of the South China Sea and its regional tectonic and environmental evolution significance” (No.41530964).First author: Wang Meng(1988-)
全文 ( 35 ) 下载PDF ( 1224 )

中尺度涡在南海活动频繁，尤其是持续时间长的强中尺度涡对海区内多尺度环流系统的能量输送和物质搬运具有重要调控作用。利用AVISO卫星高度计资料和最外层闭合等值线法，对2011—2018年南海北部的中尺度涡进行识别和追踪，重点讨论中尺度涡在最近几年的时空分布变化。统计结果显示，南海北部平均每年生成8.6个反气旋涡和4.5个气旋涡（持续时间大于28天），其中近1/3为强中尺度涡（持续时间大于45天），表现出较强的涡动能和非线性等动力特征，基本与前人统计的其他年份结果一致。南海北部中尺度涡的生成地点、传播路径以及活动频率分布具有显著的季节变化特征。对比发现，反气旋涡在秋季和冬季主要形成于吕宋海峡北侧，沿等深线向西南移动，最高活动频率超过30%；夏季主要在菲律宾吕宋岛西侧形成，平行于纬线向西移动。而气旋涡在冬季和春季主要形成于吕宋海峡西侧，向西南移动，最高活动频率约为26%。另外，台湾岛西南岸外易生成强中尺度涡涡对，综合黑潮指数进一步分析发现，黑潮入侵南海形成流套是促使该强涡对生成的主要机制。

关键词: 中尺度涡, 卫星高度计, 时空统计, 黑潮, 南海北部

Mesoscale eddies are active and energetic in the South China Sea (SCS), and play an important role in regulating the multi-scale circulation and mass transportation in the region, especially for those long-lived strong eddies. Using AVISO altimeter data and outermost closed contour sea level anomaly method, this study identified and tracked mesoscale eddies in the northern SCS during 2011-2018, and focused on the temporal and spatial characteristics of mesoscale eddies in recent years. Similarly to previous results in this region, statistical results show that about 8.6 anticyclonic eddies and 4.5 cyclonic eddies (lifetime > 28 days) were born per year. Among them, about 1/3 of the total number are strong eddies (lifetime > 45 days), showing relatively strong dynamic characteristics, such as strong Eddy Kinetic Energy (EKE) and highly nonlinear feature. Statistics also show significant seasonal variability in mesoscale eddies’ birth places, trajectories and distribution of frequency of occurrence. Specifically, anticyclonic eddies mainly form at the north part of Luzon Strait between autumn and winter, and then move southwestward along isobaths. During this period, the largest value of the frequency of occurrence is over 30%. In summer, most of them form in the west off Luzon Island, and then move westward paralleling to latitude lines. In contrast, cyclonic mainly form in the west off Luzon Strait, and then move westward in winter and spring. During this period, the largest value is about 26%. In addition, observation finds that the strong mesoscale eddy pair could generate off the southwest of Taiwan Island. Analysis of the Kuroshio SCS Index (KSI) implies that loop current caused by Kuroshio intrusion is the most important mechanism for the formation of eddy pair.

Key words: Mesoscale eddies, Altimeter data, Statistics, Kuroshio, Northern South China Sea.

中图分类号: 

表1 不同文献中对南海中尺度涡活动及动力参数的统计结果
Table 1 Statistics of activities and dynamic parameters of mesoscale eddies in the South China Sea from previous studies
研究时间 研究区域 涡旋判定方法 平均生成涡旋数量/（个/年） 数量比

平均

半径/km

 平均周期/d

平均传播

速度/（cm/s）

 平均传播距离/km 参考文献
1993—2000年 南海 闭合等值线法 10.8 2.07∶1 150 130 2.63 270 [ 23 ]
1993—2007年 南海 Okubo-Weiss参数法 32.8 0.92∶1

87.4

（<100占70%）

 <60（占53%） - - [ 24 ]
1992—2009年 南海 风向角法 48.6 1.1∶1 132 65/58

5~9（北部）

2.0~6.4（中部）

2~7（南部）

 - [ 25 ]
1993—2002年 南海 闭合等值线法 18.1 1.06∶1 100~250 30~60（占50%）

-8~3

（纬向速度）

 - [ 26 ]
1992—2009年 台湾岛西南部 Okubo-Weiss参数法 4.0 0.66∶1 64/61 75/50 6.4/5.5 433/247 [ 27 ]
1993—2008年 吕宋海峡 闭合等值线法 2.4 0.43∶1 85 50/90 - 600/400 [ 28 ]
图1 南海北部表层中尺度涡识别结果
彩色图为2012年1月1日的海平面异常（SLA），灰色箭头为流场，绿色圆点和黑色实线分别为识别的中尺度涡涡心和边界
Fig.1 Identified mesoscale eddies in the northern SCS
Colormap is the SLA on January 1st, 2012； Grey arrows represent geostrophic currents； Green dots and black solid lines mark the cores and boundaries of the identified eddies, respectively
图2 中尺度涡动力参数统计分布
（a）~（c）分别为反气旋涡的平均振幅、平均半径、生命周期；（d）~（f）同上，但为气旋涡;实线为累积密度分布，灰色虚线标出95%置信区间位置
Fig.2 Statistics on the characteristics of mesoscale eddies
(a)~(c) Stand for amplitude, radius, and life duration of anticyclonic eddies, respectively; (d)~(f) are the same as (a)~(c) but for cyclonic eddies; The cumulative density is plotted as solid line, and grey dashed line indicates the 95% value for each parameter
表2 2011年 1月至 2018年 12月南海北部中尺度涡动力参数统计
Table 2 Statistics of dynamic parameters of mesoscale eddies in the northern South China Sea during 2011.01- 2018.12
反气旋涡(大于28天) 气旋涡(大于28天) 强反气旋涡(大于45天) 强气旋涡(大于45 天)
涡旋总数/个 69 36 24 11
最大涡心SLA/cm 59 -28 59 -28
振幅/cm 9.1 8.6 13.7 11.8
半径/km 91 90 102 93
EKE/（cm2/s2） 423.89 403.92 686.69 601.98
EI/[cm2/(s2·km2）] 0.018 0.021 0.023 0.029
传播速度c/（cm/s） 6.8 7.8 7.1 8.5
旋转速度U/（m/s） 0.32 0.32 0.40 0.37
非线性度U/c 5.1 4.7 6.1 4.8
生命周期/d 56 48 79 54
传播距离/km 337 321 496 376
图3 南海北部中尺度涡的活动频率及移动路径
彩图依次为反气旋涡（a）~（d）和气旋涡（e）~（h）在冬季、春季、夏季和秋季的出现频率；独立的中尺度涡事件分别用圆点（反气旋涡）和三角形（气旋涡）标出，其中黑色和粉色分别表示涡旋和强涡旋
Fig.3 The frequency of occurrence and moving path of mesoscale eddies in the northern SCS
Colormaps are frequency of occurrence for anticyclonic eddies (a）~（d) and cyclonic eddies (e）~（h) in winter (December-February), spring (March-May), summer (June-August), and autumn (September-November), respectively. Independent anticyclonic eddy and cyclonic eddy are marked as dot and triangle, respectively; Eddies and strong eddies are distinguished as black and pink colors
图4 空间平均后的动力指标时间序列
（a）AVISO SLA；（b）EKE；（c）黑潮南海指数（KSI），虚线为由均值（ μ）和标准差（ σ）确定的取值范围
Fig.4 Time series of spatial averaged dynamic parameters
(a) AVISO SLA; (b) EKE; (c) Kuroshio South China Sea Index (KSI), where dash lines represent the range value defined by the mean ( μ) and standard deviation ( σ) of KSI
图5 黑潮3种路径的发生概率
（a）月变化；（b）年变化；灰色、阴影和白色柱图分别代表Looping,Leaking和Leaping路径
Fig.5 Probabilities of occurrence for the three Kuroshio paths
(a) Monthly; (b) Annually. Grey, shadow and white boxes represent for Looping, Leaking and Leaping, respectively
图6 南海北部秋冬季（11月至次年1月）时间平均海表涡动能（EKE）和表层流场
（a）2011—2018年（除2014/2015年）；（b）2014/2015年；黑色箭头表示平均流速
Fig.6 Temporal averaged EKE and surface currents in the northern SCS during autumn/winter (November-January)
(a) 2011-2018 (except 2014/2015); (b) 2014/2015. Black arrows indicate temporal averaged velocity
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