基于水下文物控制实验的海洋地球物理声学研究进展

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2019.10.1081

地球科学进展 ›› 2019, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (10): 1081 -1091. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2019.10.1081

胡毅 ¹(

),丁见祥 ²,房旭东 ¹,王立明 ¹,刘伯然 ¹,李海东 ¹

1. 自然资源部第三海洋研究所，福建厦门 361005
2. 国家文物局水下文化遗产保护中心，北京 100192

收稿日期:2019-06-24 修回日期:2019-09-16 出版日期:2019-10-10
基金资助:
国家文物局项目“水下考古区域调查与物探技术方法研究”(2018300);海洋公益性行业科研专项“水下文物探测;保护技术体系研究与示范”(201305038)

Control Experiments for Underwater Cultural Relics Survey by Marine Geophysical of Acoustics

Yi Hu ¹( ),Jianxiang Ding ²,Xudong Fang ¹,Liming Wang ¹,Boran Liu ¹,Haidong Li ¹

1. Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Coast and Ocean Geology Laboratory, Xiamen 361005, China
2. National Center of Underwater Cultural Heritage, Beijing 100192, China

Received:2019-06-24 Revised:2019-09-16 Online:2019-10-10 Published:2019-12-09
About author:Hu Yi （1976-）， male， Xiangxiang City， Hunan Province， Professor of engineering. Research areas include marine geology and marine geophysics. E-mail： huyi@tio.org.cn
Supported by:
the National Cultural Heritage Administration "Research on regional investigation and geophysical technology method"(2018300);The Ocean Public Welfare Scientific Research "Research and demonstration of detection and protection technology system in the underwater cultural"(201305038)

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海洋地球物理声学方法是进行高分辨率、大范围水下考古调查与研究的利器。由于海洋环境与水下文物的保存状态、埋藏状况之间存在着复杂的耦合关系，导致仅根据地球物理声学探测数据推断水下文物是否存在以及分布情况具有较大的不确定性。近30年来基于水下文物声学探测方法的可控实验研究表明，不同侧扫声呐系统对出露于海底的水下文物遗址探测有不同的声学响应，而多波束声呐技术可用于水下文物遗址的时移变化研究，浅地层剖面探测对部分或全部嵌入海底沉积物中的遗址探测效果更为明显。水下文物的控制实验研究能提升对不同水下文物声学特征响应的认识，可以为探测成果与解译精度之间的关联研究提供借鉴，并有望为高效、大范围的水下文物探测与资源调查提供系统解决方案，从而更好地服务于水下文物保护与管理。

关键词: 水下文物, 控制实验, 海洋地球物理, 声学

Marine geophysical acoustic methods are a powerful tool for high-precision, large-scale underwater archaeological relics investigations and research in the shallow water. There is a complex coupling relationship between the marine environment and the preservation of underwater cultural relics, which leads to great uncertainty based on the detection data to deduce the existence and distribution of underwater cultural relics. In the past 30 years, the controllable experiments of acoustic methods for underwater cultural relics show that different side-scan sonar systems have varied acoustic response. Multi-beam sonar can be used to study the temporal variation of underwater cultural relics, while shipwreck partially or totally embedded in seabed sediments can be detected by sub-bottom profile. The control experiment will increase the understanding of the acoustic response for different underwater cultural types. Control experiment on the underwater cultural relics can provide a reference for the correlation between detection results and interpretation accuracy, and hopefully provide a systematic solution for underwater cultural survey in an efficient way and on a wide-scale, thus better protecting and managing underwater cultural relics.

Key words: Underwater cultural relics, Control experiment, Marine geophysics, Acoustic.

中图分类号:

P714+.8

图1 侧扫声呐沿航向与垂直航向分辨率示意图^{[

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]}
β为掠射角， θ_h 为水平波束宽度

Fig.1 Resolution of Side Scan Sonar along and across tracks^{[

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]}
β is the local grazing angle, the horizontal beamwidth θ_h of the sonar

表1 控制实验中使用的侧扫声呐系统参数

Table 1 Parameters of side scan sonar system used in control experiments

参数	系统1	系统2	系统3
工作频率/kHz	390±20	410±5	675
水平波束角/（°）	0.5	0.5	0.7
脉冲长度/ms	0.010	0.088	0.100s
脉冲发射频率/ms	75	75	109

表1 控制实验中使用的侧扫声呐系统参数

Table 1 Parameters of side scan sonar system used in control experiments

参数	系统1	系统2	系统3
工作频率/kHz	390±20	410±5	675
水平波束角/（°）	0.5	0.5	0.7
脉冲长度/ms	0.010	0.088	0.100s
脉冲发射频率/ms	75	75	109

图2 不同侧扫声呐系统的横向分辨率（tr，公式1）和距离分辨率（rr，公式2）对比图^{[

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]}

Fig.2 Transverse resolution (tr, formula 1) and range resolution (rr, formula 2) of three side-scan sonar systems used in control experiment^{[

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]}

图3 侧扫声呐影像对比图^{[

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]}
(a)系统1显示的侧扫声呐影像；(b) 系统2显示的侧扫声呐影像；(c) 系统3显示的侧扫声呐影像（同一测试地点）

Fig.3 Comparison of side scan sonar image^{[

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(a) Side scan sonar image displayed in system 1; (b) Side scan sonar image displayed in system 2; (c) Side scan sonar image displayed in system 3 (the same test site)

图4 阿克洛海岸沉船遗址位置图^{[

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Fig.4 Arklow Bank wreck ship site^{[

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图5 阿克洛海岸沉船的声学影像图^{[

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(a)来自阿克洛海岸沉船地点的侧扫声呐数据，显示船只以及相关的冲刷和隆起特征；（b）多波束得到的沉船地点DEM影像

Fig.5 Acoustic image of Arklow Bank wreck ship^{[

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(a) Side-scan sonar data from the Arklow Bank wreck site showing the vessel and associated scour and ridge features； (b) DEM of the wreck site derived from the multibeam echo-sounder surveys

图6 阿克洛海岸沉船时移变化图^{[

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]}
蓝色净侵蚀面积和红色净沉积面积(左侧)；蓝色和红色色调的增加分别对应于增加的侵蚀和沉积量（右侧）

Fig. 6 Time-lapse image of Arklow Bank wreck^{[

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]}
Show areas of net erosion in blue and areas of net deposition in red (left)； Increases in blue and red tones correspond to increased erosion and deposition (right) respectively ^{[

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]}

图7 桅杆在浅地层剖面上的影像^{[

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(a)主频为2~7 kHz（a）；(b)主频为8~23 kHz

Fig. 7 Sloping pole in the subbottom profile^{[

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]}
(a) Image 2~7 kHz； (b) Image 8~23 kHz

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