地球科学进展

地球科学进展 ›› 2017, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (10): 1039 -1049. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2017.10.1039

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大气对海洋中尺度涡响应的研究进展
黎伟标( ), 刘昊亚, 方容   
  1. 中山大学大气科学学院,广东 广州 510275
  • 收稿日期:2017-07-12 修回日期:2017-09-02 出版日期:2017-12-20
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目“南海海洋中尺度涡对局地环流和天气系统的影响”(编号: 41675043)和“南海地区夏季大气短周期振荡特征及相关海气相互作用过程的研究”(编号: 41375050)资助.

Review of the Atmospheric Response to the Ocean Mesoscale Eddies

Weibiao Li( ), Haoya Liu, Rong Fang   

  1. School of Atmospheric Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
  • Received:2017-07-12 Revised:2017-09-02 Online:2017-12-20 Published:2017-10-20
  • About author:

    First author:Li Weibiao (1965-), male, Wuzhou City, Guangxi Province, Professor. Research areas include the tropical meteorology and the air-sea interaction.E-mail:eeslwb@mail.sysu.edu.cn

  • Supported by:
    Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China“Effects of the ocean mesosale eddies over the South China Sea on the local atmospheric circulations and weather systems”(No.41675043)and “Summer short period oscillations over the South China Sea and the related air-sea interaction processes”(No.41375050).
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海洋中尺度涡广泛分布于全球海洋且能对大气造成显著影响。在全面陈述大气边界层和局地环流对中尺度涡响应的基础上,论述了与其相应的物理机制,并系统介绍了有关中尺度涡对天气系统影响的最新研究进展。①中尺度涡引起的海表温度异常通过改变湍流热通量来引起洋面风速、散度以及云量和降水的异常,并在垂直方向上产生异常的次级环流。并且,大气对中尺度涡的响应有明显的区域和季节差异。②在南海、黑潮延伸区和南大洋,中尺度涡可分别通过改变海表面气压或大气边界层稳定度来影响其上的洋面风速。通过分析大气异常中心与中尺度涡的位相关系并配合动力诊断可区分这2种机制。③中尺度涡能改变大气中的能量转换从而影响风暴路径和急流位置,并能通过遥相关影响下游地区的天气型。此外,中尺度涡所造成的海洋上层温度变化还将对热带气旋的增强和维持起重要作用。

关键词: 海洋中尺度涡, 海气相互作用, 天气系统

As one of the most important mesoscale ocean features, the mesoscale eddies are omnipresent and have significant impact on the overlying atmosphere. Based on the comprehensive review of the influence of mesoscale eddies on the atmospheric boundary layer and the local circulation, the corresponding physical mechanisms and their impacts on weather systems were presented systematically. ①Eddy-induced SST anomalies may modify the surface wind speed, horizontal divergence, cloud and precipitation through turbulence heat flux anomalies. Meanwhile, additional secondary circulations arise over the eddies. What is more, there are obvious regional and seasonal differences for atmospheric responses. ② Studies in the South China Sea, the Kuroshio Extension region and the Southern Ocean indicate that atmospheric responses to mesoscale eddies can be explained by the changes of sea level pressure or the vertical momentum transport. These two mechanisms can be distinguished by the phase relationship between the atmospheric anomaly center and the eddy core. Diagnosis on the inner dynamical processes may draw better conclusions. ③The energy conversions are affected by mesoscale eddies, which may affect storm tracks and jet streams, and finally result in distant influences on weather patterns. Moreover, sea temperature anomalies from sea surface to the thermocline associated with mesoscale eddies have significant impacts on the intensification and the maintenance of tropical cyclones.

Key words: Ocean mesoscale eddies, Air-sea interaction, Weather systems.

中图分类号: 

图1 暖、冷涡对应的涡、散度异常示意图
红色和蓝色圆圈分别代表暖涡和冷涡,实线箭头代表大小和方向一致的背景西风,虚线箭头代表中尺度涡上洋面风矢量
Fig.1 Schematic of the surface wind divergence and curl response to the warm and cold eddies
The red and the blue area represents warm and cold SST anomalies, solid arrows represent the large-scale westerly and dashed arrows indicate wind anomalies over the mesoscale eddies
表1 不同区域大气对海洋中尺度涡的响应
Table 1 Atmospheric response to ocean mesoscale eddies in different regions
区域 SST异常
/℃		 SHF异常
/(W/m2)		 LHF异常
/(W/m2)		 洋面风速异常
/(m/s)		 降水异常
/(mm/h)		 云水异常
/10-3mm
西南大西洋[ 34 ] 0.5(-0.5) 6(-4) 12(-9)
厄加勒斯涡流区及巴西—
马尔维纳斯汇流区[ 36 ]		 0.5(-0.5) 11(-9) 20(-17)
南大洋[ 35 , 38 ] 0.5(-0.5) 10(-10) 21(-21) 0.31(-0.31) ±4(2%~6%) ±2.9(6%~10%)
黑潮延伸区[ 53 ] 0.6(-0.6) 7(-7) 12(-12) 0.25(-0.25) ±0.015(7.5%) ±3.5(3.6%)
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