南海西部54万年以来元素地球化学记录及其反映的古环境演变

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2012.03.0327

通过对南海西部上升流区MD05-2899孔开展高分辨率碳酸盐地层学和XRF岩芯扫描元素地球化学分析，重建了晚第四纪54万来以来东亚夏季风的演化历史，探讨海平面升降对南海西部陆源碎屑供应量的影响。研究选用了ln(Ba/Al)作为该海区古生产力的指标，ln(Br/Al)作为有机物的指标，ln(Ti/Al)作为陆源碎屑供应量的指标。研究结果显示，东亚夏季风在过去54万年以来强度不断增强，具有明显的冰期—间冰期旋回特征，在间冰期强盛和冰期减弱，是控制该海区有机物含量变化的主要因素。东亚夏季风不断强盛可能直接导致了南海周边陆地降雨增强，河流径流量加大，使得南海西部上升流区域的陆源碎屑供应量在间冰期明显高于冰期。研究发现，当相对海平面低于-60 m的时候，大面积暴露的巽他陆架可能向南海西部深水区输入大量陆源碎屑物质，造成研究站位的陆源碎屑供应量在冰盛期出现高值。因此，晚第四纪的东亚夏季风演化和海平面升降共同控制了南海西部上升流区陆源碎屑物质供应量的变化。

关键词: 碳酸盐地层, XRF岩芯元素扫描, 东亚夏季风, 海平面变化, 晚第四纪, 南海

High-resolution carbonate stratigraphy and XRF core-scanning elemental geochemistry were analyzed at Core MD05-2899 in the upwelling area of the western South China Sea to reconstruct the evolution history of the East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) over the past 540 ka in the late Quaternary and to study the effect of sea level change on terrigenous material supply to the western South China Sea. Three proxies of elemental ratios were chosen for indicating paleoenvironmental changes: ln(Ba/Al) for the paleoproductivity, ln(Br/Al) for the organic matters, and ln(Ti/Al) for the terrigenous material supply. Our results show that the EASM has been continually enhanced over the past 540 ka and presents strong glacial-interglacial cyclicity with strengthened intensity during interglacials and vice versa. The EASM could be the major factor controlling the variation pattern of organic matters in the western South China Sea. The strengthened EASM could directly enhance the precipitation on lands surrounding the South China Sea, increase the runoff of their drainage basins, and finally produce higher terrigenous material supply during interglacial than glacial periods in the western South China Sea. However, when the relative sea level was lower than 60 m during glacial periods, the broad part of the Sunda Shelf was exposed and enormous amount of terrigenous materials could be eroded and then transported far to the western South China Sea, resulting in the strong terrigenous material supply during glacial maximum periods at Core MD05-2899. Therefore, we suggest that the late Quaternary EASM and sea level change could jointly control the variation of terrigenous material supply in the upwelling area in the western South China Sea.

Key words: Carbonate stratigraphy, XRF element core-scanning, East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM), Sea level change, Late Quaternary, South China Sea.

中图分类号:

P722.7
P736

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摘要

Elemental Geochemical Records in the Western South China Sea since 540 ka and Their Paleoenvironmental Implications