地球科学进展 ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (4): 377 -388. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2026.030   cstr: 32269.14.adearth.CN62-1091/P.2026.030

综述与评述 上一篇    下一篇

底栖有孔虫响应海洋酸化的生理与生态机制研究进展
陈均婷1(), 李铁军2, 乔玲2(), 郭远明2, 樊赟3   
  1. 1.浙江海洋大学 水产学院,浙江 舟山 316022
    2.浙江省海洋水产研究所,浙江省海洋渔业资源可持续利用技术研究重点实验室,浙江 舟山 316021
    3.浙江海洋大学 海洋科学与技术学院,浙江 舟山 316022
  • 收稿日期:2026-03-01 修回日期:2026-03-20 出版日期:2026-04-10
  • 通讯作者: 乔玲 E-mail:2206480943@qq.com;qiaoling1990123@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    浙江省海洋水产研究所科技计划项目(HYS-ZX-202410)

Research Progress on the Physiological and Ecological Mechanisms of Benthic Foraminifera in Response to Ocean Acidification

Junting Chen1(), Tiejun Li2, Ling Qiao2(), Yuanming Guo2, Yun Fan3   

  1. 1.College of Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan Zhejiang 316022, China
    2.Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fishery Resources, Zhoushan Zhejiang 316021, China
    3.College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan Zhejiang 316022, China
  • Received:2026-03-01 Revised:2026-03-20 Online:2026-04-10 Published:2026-06-09
  • Contact: Ling Qiao E-mail:2206480943@qq.com;qiaoling1990123@126.com
  • About author:Chen Junting, research areas include marine ecological environment. E-mail: 2206480943@qq.com
  • Supported by:
    the Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute(HYS-ZX-202410)

海洋酸化作为全球性环境问题,对海洋生物多样性、生态结构与功能构成显著威胁。由于底栖有孔虫钙质壳体对海水碳酸盐体系变化高度敏感,因此成为监测海洋酸化的理想指示生物。系统综述了海洋酸化背景下底栖有孔虫的生理与生态响应机制,包括物种分布与群落结构变化、壳体形态响应、壳体化学成分改变及生理代谢影响等方面。研究表明,酸化导致钙质壳底栖有孔虫壳体溶解、生长受阻与畸形率升高,并引发壳体元素组成与稳定同位素的显著变化。生理代谢方面,酸化通过影响钙化相关酶活性、能量分配及共生关系,进而影响有孔虫的生长与存活。然而,当前研究大多为短期的单因子培养实验,难以完全反映自然环境中多因子耦合作用的复杂效应。未来需开展多因子交叉实验、长期野外观测与多组学整合研究,建立标准化研究方法,更全面地揭示底栖有孔虫响应海洋酸化的机制,并提升其作为环境指示生物的应用价值。

Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations have made ocean acidification a serious global environmental issue, posing a major threat to marine biodiversity, ecological structure, and ecosystem function. As seawater continues to absorb anthropogenic carbon dioxide, it alters the marine carbonate system, leading to a decrease in pH and a reduction in carbonate ion concentrations, which in turn affects the calcification processes of various marine organisms. Among these, benthic foraminifera are shelled protozoa widely distributed in marine and estuarine sediments; they are particularly vulnerable due to their calcium carbonate-rich shells. Because their shells are extremely sensitive to changes in the carbonate system, benthic foraminifera are widely recognized as ideal indicator organisms for monitoring ocean acidification and its ecological impacts.This review systematically examines the physiological and ecological response mechanisms of benthic foraminifera under ocean acidification conditions, focusing on four key aspects: changes in species distribution and community structure; morphological responses of the shell; changes in shell chemical composition, particularly elemental composition and stable isotopes; and effects on physiological metabolism, including calcification, growth, and reproduction.Extensive evidence suggests that ocean acidification leads to severe dissolution of calcareous shells, stunted growth, and an increased incidence of shell deformities. Furthermore, studies have documented significant changes in the elemental ratios and stable isotope characteristics of shells, which may compromise their reliability as proxy indicators for paleoceanography. In terms of physiological metabolism, acidification regulates the growth and survival of foraminifera by modulating calcification-related enzyme activities, disrupting energy allocation budgets, and altering symbiotic relationships with photosynthetic partners. Despite these advances, most current studies remain limited to short-term, single-factor laboratory experiments and are unable to capture the complex interactive effects that arise when multiple environmental stressors act simultaneously in natural settings—such as the combined effects of warming, oxygen depletion, and nutrient pollution. Therefore, future research should prioritize multi-factor stress experiments, long-term field observations under natural acidification conditions, and multi-omics integrated studies to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Establishing standardized research protocols is also urgently needed. Collectively, these efforts will facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of benthic foraminiferal responses to ocean acidification and enhance their value as reliable environmental indicator species in a changing ocean.

中图分类号: 

图1 海洋酸化的机制及影响途径8-9
Fig. 1 Mechanisms and impact pathways of ocean acidification8-9
图2 不同pH条件下3种底栖有孔虫壳体的溶蚀率49
Fig. 2 Dissolution rates of three benthic foraminifera under different pH conditions49
图3 不同pH条件下各底栖有孔虫壳体的抗溶曲线50
Fig. 3 Dissolution resistance curves of benthic foraminifera shells in solutions under different pH conditions50
图4 底栖有孔虫质子泵钙化模型72
Fig. 4 Proton pump calcification model of benthic foraminifera72
表1 不同环境因子与海洋酸化作用下对底栖有孔虫的影响机制
Table 1 Mechanisms of the effects of different environmental factors and ocean acidification on benthic foraminifera
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