回顾了课题组近年来有关末次冰盛期和中全新世气候模拟分析的研究进展，包括中国气候、东亚和全球季风以及相关的主要大气环流系统等变化。多模式试验数据的分析表明，末次冰盛期中国降温和年均有效降水变化与重建记录定性一致，但模拟幅度偏弱；中国冻土区扩张、永冻土区活动层变薄，中国西部冰川物质平衡线高度降低；东亚季风变化在不同模式间差异较大，中国季风区范围和季风降水减小，北半球陆地季风区南移、全球季风区缩小和降水强度减弱共同引起全球季风降水减少；全球降水和潜在蒸散发共同减小使得全球干湿变化总体很小；北半球西风带在高层北移、低层南移，热带宽度变化依赖于指标的选取，厄尔尼诺—南方涛动气候影响、热带太平洋沃克环流均减弱并东移。在中全新世，多模式模拟的中国年和冬季偏冷仍然与大部分重建记录显示的偏暖不同；东亚冬季风增强，东亚夏季降水变化存在空间不一致性；中国和全球尺度的季风区范围和季风降水均增加；东北多年冻土退化、青藏高原多年冻土向低海拔扩张，北半球永冻土区减小、季节性冻土扩张、冻土区北退、永冻土区活动层变厚；全球干旱区面积总体变化很小；夏季东亚西风急流显著减弱并北移，厄尔尼诺—南方涛动减弱，热带太平洋沃克环流加强并西移。上述变化主要是对末次冰盛期大范围冰盖和较低温室气体浓度或中全新世轨道强迫的响应，海洋反馈起一定调制作用，植被反馈作用具有不确定性；模式与记录不一致的原因仍待深入探究。

Climate modeling analyses for the Last Glacial Maximum （LGM） and mid-Holocene undertaken by the authors in recent years were systematically reviewed， including changes in climate over China， East Asian and global monsoons， as well as the associated major atmospheric circulation systems. Based on multi-model simulation data， the recent results showed that during the LGM， the simulated cooling and annual net precipitation change over China were qualitatively consistent with geological records， with a weaker magnitude for the simulation. The LGM permafrost area expanded and the active layer thickness was thinner in China， while the glacier equilibrium line altitude in western China were lower than the preindustrial levels. Although the LGM changes in the East Asian monsoon intensity differed among the models， the monsoon area and monsoon precipitation over China were consistently decreased； the land monsoon region moved southward in the Northern Hemisphere， and both decreases in global monsoon area and monsoon precipitation intensity led to deficient global monsoon precipitation. The magnitude of global mean terrestrial moisture change was overall small due to both decreases in global mean precipitation and potential evapotranspiration. The LGM northern westerlies shifted poleward in the upper level but equatorward in the lower level， the tropical belt width changes were dependent on the selection of metrics， and the El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation （ENSO） impacts and the tropical Pacific Walker circulation were revealed to weaken and shift eastward. During the mid-Holocene， the simulated annual and winter cooling over China was still opposite to the warming reconstructed by most geological records. The East Asian winter monsoon was consistently strengthened， while there were spatially inhomogeneous changes in the East Asian summer monsoon precipitation； the monsoon area and monsoon precipitation increased both over China and over the globe. The mid-Holocene permafrost area reduced in northeastern China but expanded to low-altitude regions in the Tibetan Plateau； in the Northern Hemisphere， the permafrost extent contracted， seasonally frozen ground expanded， frozen ground retreated northward， and the active layer thickness became larger. There was overall little change in the total area of global drylands. The summer East Asian westerly jet significantly weakened and shifted northward， the ENSO weakened， and the associated tropical Pacific Walker circulation strengthened and shifted westward during the mid-Holocene. The above changes were mainly responses to the LGM large presence of ice sheets and lower atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations or the mid-Holocene orbital forcing， with the ocean feedback playing a certain modulation role and the vegetation feedback effect showing a level of uncertainty. The causes of model-data mismatch deserve to be further investigated.