城市泥石流灾害预警问题探讨

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2008.05.0546

随着城市灾害日益加剧，城市安全引起更广泛的关注，加强防御、控制城市泥石流灾害，增强城市综合减灾抗灾能力是泥石流减灾工作的重点。近几十年来，泥石流预警减灾的作用已得到了高度重视，探讨现代预警技术方法目的在于为城市减灾提供可靠的应急防灾对策。指出改进目前城市泥石流监测预警状况可以大大减轻泥石流暴发带来的损失。在分析国内外泥石流预警研究进展的基础上，针对目前存在的问题，提出当前城市泥石流防灾研究中应重视开展预警工作，注重将泥石流预警与形成机制、新技术方法和减灾决策系统等相结合，其中要特别加强城市数字减灾系统、城市防灾预案，以及城市风险管理和损失评估系统的综合研究。

关键词: 城市, 泥石流, 预警系统, 研究重点

The increased vulnerability of many urban areas is a major reason of concern. Debris flow hazard control and mitigation in the urban areas have become one of key aspects for disaster reduction at home and abroad today. Over the past years, the debris flow warning acquired great attention for the hazard mitigation. Therefore emphasis should be given to the loss reduction in urban areas, which requires the up-to-data warning methods in order to make recommendations for prevention, preparedness and response once the hazard occurred. This paper has indicated that improvements of the current situation of debris flow hazard warning would help to reduce losses in urban areas significantly if an extreme scale of debris flow was to recur abruptly. Based on analysis of past performance of debris flow warning and existing problems, it is worth to pay further attention to develop study on debris flow monitoring and warning associated with the urban areas. In order to solve the difficulties of monitoring and warning at present, the formative mechanics of debris flows, application of the new technology and methodology as well as hazard mitigation decision support systems should be combined with warning system. Emphasis will be confined to integrated study on urban digital hazard mitigation system, urban hazard prevention scheme, risk and evacuation management, and loss evaluation.

Key words: Urban area, Debris flow hazard, Warning system, Key points of study.

中图分类号:

P642.23

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摘要

Approaches on Debris Flow Hazard Warning Issue Associated with Urban Area