科学大洋钻探与天然气水合物

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2003.05.0753

天然气水合物是由水和甲烷等气体水分子组成的冰状物，主要分布于海洋陆坡区和陆地永久冻土带，是21世纪理想的替代能源。科学家已对天然气水合物的物理化学性质、产出条件、分布规律、勘查技术、开采工艺、经济评价及开采可能造成的环境影响等进行了广泛而深入的研究。大洋钻探计划（ODP）是获得深部含天然气水合物和游离气沉积物的唯一途径，已成功实施了164和 204两个以天然气水合物为主要目标的航次，分析研究了含天然气水合物沉积物的原位物理化学特性和地球物理性质，探讨了气体-水-沉积物-水合物间的相互作用机理，为气体储量计算提供了依据，对推动水合物研究作出了重大贡献。综合大洋钻探计划（IODP）的启动，将为人们深刻理解地球历史和地球系统过程（ESP），特别是认识天然气水合物在地质过程中的作用，提供前所未有的机会。

关键词: 综合大洋钻探计划, 天然气水合物, 大洋钻探计划

Gas hydrates are solid compounds similar to ice crystals where cages of water molecules enclose molecules of natural gas mostly being methane a well as ethane, propane, etc. It has long been known that the natural gas hydrates occur globally in sediments mainly in the continental slope and in permafrost regions of the continent. Over the past years, geoscientists had acquired a lot of information about the physical and chemical characteristics, geological conditions of formation and concentration, distribution of the gas hydrate, the technology and methold of explorating and exploitating, as well as the potentially influence on environment. Scientific ocean drilling provided the only avenue for us to gain sample of gas-hydrate and bearing-gas-hydrate sediments and free gas from deep setting, especially Leg164 and Leg204 of Ocean Drilling Program (ODP). By studying the data from ODP, geoscientists had analyzed in situ property of bearing-gas-hydrate sediments, discussed reacting mechanism among gas, water, sediment and gas-hydrate. The Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) will provide a new opportunity for us to research the Earth's history and the System's Processing (ESP), and will reveal the importance of gas-hydrate in the process.

Key words: Ocean Drilling Program, Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, Gas hydrate.

中图分类号:

P744.4
P71

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摘要

SCIENTIFIC OCEAN DRILLING AND GAS-HYDRATES