天然气水合物油气系统概念内涵及实例分析

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2017.01.0021

地球科学进展 ›› 2017, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (1): 21 -33. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2017.01.0021

天然气水合物油气系统概念内涵及实例分析

肖红平 ^1, ^2, ³(

), 林畅松 ⁴, 彭涌 ^2, ³, 魏伟 ^2, ³, 张金华 ^2, ³, 张巧珍 ^2, ³

1. 中国地质大学(北京)能源学院,北京 100083
2. 中国石油勘探开发研究院廊坊分院,河北廊坊 065007
3. 中国石油天然气集团公司非常规油气重点实验室,河北廊坊 065007
4. 中国地质大学(北京)海洋学院,北京 100083

收稿日期:2016-08-11 修回日期:2016-12-16 出版日期:2017-01-20
基金资助:
*中国石油天然气股份有限公司科学技术开发项目“天然气水合物富集规律、目标优选及开发技术”(编号:2016B-4901);国家自然科学基金项目“南海北部新近纪陆架坡折的发育演化对南海盆地动力学过程的沉积响应”(编号:91328201)资助.

Concept and Intension of Natural Gas Hydrate Petroleum System and Case Analysis

Hongping Xiao ^1, ^2, ³( ), Changsong Lin ⁴, Yong Peng ^2, ³, Wei Wei ^2, ³, Jinhua Zhang ^2, ³, Qiaozhen Zhang ^2, ³

1.School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
2.Petro-China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development-Langfang Branch, Langfang 065007,China;
3.Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil and Gas,China National Petroleum Co., Ltd.,Langfang 065007,China
4.School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing),Beijing 100083, China

Received:2016-08-11 Revised:2016-12-16 Online:2017-01-20 Published:2017-01-10
About author:
First author:Xiao Hongping(1979-),male,Yibin City, Sichuan Province,Senior engineer. Research areas include unconventional oil and gas geological.E-mail:xiaohp_hdpu@163.com
Supported by:
Project supported by the China National Petroleum Co., Ltd. Science and Technology Development Projects “Accumulation regularity, exploration target selection & development technology of natural gas hydrate”(No. 2016B-4901);the National Natural Science Foundation of China “Development and evolution of the northern shelf slope of the South China Sea and its response to the basin geodynamic setting”(No.91328201).

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针对天然气水合物的形成条件、分布规律、成藏过程与成藏模式等热点问题,介绍了“天然气水合物油气系统”概念,综述分析其主要构成要素——气源、水合物稳定带、储集层、水源、运聚通道、时间等的内涵,总结归纳了地质构造条件、沉积条件和地理气候环境变化等三大影响水合物富集成藏的控制因素,在此基础上,结合昆仑山垭口盆地多年冻土区天然气水合物成藏实例分析探讨了“天然气水合物油气系统”的研究方法,认为基于地质背景研究分析诸多静态成藏要素,如何在时间与空间上耦合匹配是解剖天然气水合物成藏过程和评价天然气水合物成藏潜力的关键。

关键词: 天然气水合物油气系统, 成藏系统, 成藏要素, 成藏过程, 实例分析

According to the hot topics of the natural gas hydrate distribution regularity,formation conditions,accumulation process and accumulation pattern, gas hydrates reservoir forming conditions including gas source, gas hydrate stability zone, reservoir stratum, water source and migration passage were summarized by literature review first. Then, three main factors, geological structure condition, sedimentary condition and geographical climate change were summarized and analyzed, which control the accumulation and distribution of gas hydrates. On basis of this,basic concepts and research methods of natural gas hydrate petroleum system were analyzed and discussed by the example of gas hydrate accumulation conditions and process in permafrost regions of Kunlun mountain pass. The results show that the key of studying gas hydrate accumulation process and evaluating gas hydrate reservoir forming potential is analyzing how the static accumulation elements couple and match in geological time and space.

Key words: Natural gas hydrate petroleum system, Reservoir system, Accumulation elements, Accumulation process, Case analysis.

中图分类号:

P744.4

表1 常规含油气系统和天然气水合物油气系统的构成要素对比(据参考文献[23,24]整理)

Table 1 Elementscomparison between conventional petroleum system and natural gas hydrate gas system (reorganized after references[23,24])

常规含油气系统
定义:利于生成和储集油气的地质要素和过程,包括成熟源岩、运移路径、储集岩、圈闭和盖层。这些要素的形成时间和油气生成、运移和聚集过程的合理配置有利于油气的聚集和保存
天然气水合物油气系统
1、天然气水合物的稳定条件
①形成温度;②形成压力;③天然气组成;④孔隙水矿化度
2、气源岩:天然气的来源
3、包含在水合物结构中的水的来源
4、包含在水合物结构中的气的运移条件
5、储集岩、圈闭和盖层
6、时间

表1 常规含油气系统和天然气水合物油气系统的构成要素对比(据参考文献[23,24]整理)

Table 1 Elementscomparison between conventional petroleum system and natural gas hydrate gas system (reorganized after references[23,24])

常规含油气系统
定义:利于生成和储集油气的地质要素和过程,包括成熟源岩、运移路径、储集岩、圈闭和盖层。这些要素的形成时间和油气生成、运移和聚集过程的合理配置有利于油气的聚集和保存
天然气水合物油气系统
1、天然气水合物的稳定条件
①形成温度;②形成压力;③天然气组成;④孔隙水矿化度
2、气源岩:天然气的来源
3、包含在水合物结构中的水的来源
4、包含在水合物结构中的气的运移条件
5、储集岩、圈闭和盖层
6、时间

图1 天然气水合物相平衡曲线(参考据文献[24,38] 修改)
(a)永久冻土区水合物稳定相态曲线;(b)海底水合物稳定相态曲线

Fig.1 Natural gas hydrate phase equilibrium curve(modified after references[24,38])
(a)Stable phase curve of gas hydrate in permafrost region;(b)Stable phase curve of gas hydrate under ocean floor

图2 天然气水合物赋存于不同类型储集层

Fig.2 Natural gas hydrate occurrence in different types of reservoir

图3 断裂在天然气水合物形成中的作用(据参考文献[24,25]修改)
(a)天然气以溶解气或独立气相通过断裂向上运移至水合物稳定带在断裂中形成天然气水合物;(b)无断裂沟通,天然气依靠扩散作用很难进入富水砂体,无法形成天然气水合物;(c)天然气以溶解气或独立气相通过断裂向上运移至断裂沟通的水合物稳定带中的砂体均可形成天然气水合物

Fig.3 The role of fracture for the formation of gas hydrate(modified after references[24,25] )
(a)Natural gas hydrates came into being when natural gas migrated upward to hydrate stability zone through fracture;(b)Natural gas is difficult to migrate into sand body filled of water by diffusion and gas hydrate is unable to form without connection of fault;(c)Gas hydrate came into being when natural gas migrated upward to the hydrate stability zone through fracture with dissolved gas or independent gas phase

图4 实际地质条件下多种形式的天然气运聚通道 ^[30](a)盐底辟构造;(b)地层不整合面;(c)增生楔;(d)气烟囱

Fig.4 A variety of forms of gas transport channels in actual geological conditions ^[30](a)Salt diapir;(b)Stratigraphic unconformity surface;(c)Accretionary wedge;(d)Gas chimney

表2 烃类气体组分及碳同位素特征

Table 2 Hydrocarbon gas composition and carbon isotope characteristics

钻孔名	CH₄组分含量/%	C₂H₆组分含量	C₁/(C₂+C₃)	δ¹³CH₄/‰
KZ1	0.09~1.3	2×10^-6~18×10^-6	63~1 642	-97.5~-59.7
KZ2	0.0324~1.226	未检出	-	-99.5~-57.2
KZ3	22~32	0.01%	1.62~68.24	-26.69~-76.4
KZ4	0.0081~1.65	未检出	-	-26~-63.5

表2 烃类气体组分及碳同位素特征

Table 2 Hydrocarbon gas composition and carbon isotope characteristics

钻孔名	CH₄组分含量/%	C₂H₆组分含量	C₁/(C₂+C₃)	δ¹³CH₄/‰
KZ1	0.09~1.3	2×10^-6~18×10^-6	63~1 642	-97.5~-59.7
KZ2	0.0324~1.226	未检出	-	-99.5~-57.2
KZ3	22~32	0.01%	1.62~68.24	-26.69~-76.4
KZ4	0.0081~1.65	未检出	-	-26~-63.5

图5 昆仑山垭口地区KZ3井天然气水合物相平衡曲线

Fig.5 Natural gas hydrate phase equilibrium curve of KZ3 in Kunlun Pass area

图6 昆仑山垭口地区地质演化与天然气水合物油气系统模式图

Fig.6 Sedimentary tectonic evolution and natural gas hydrate reservoir system model of the Kunlun Pass area

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