通过对1999年度中国大陆降水量、水资源量和供需水量的分析，理论上提出了潜在的水资源和现实的水资源两个概念，潜在的水资源是所有形式产水量的总和，现实的水资源是指具有利用价值的水资源，认为中国的水资源战略应着力于将潜在的水资源最大限度地转化为现实的水资源，但在西北干旱地区，如何使降水量最大限度地转化为潜在水资源也是一个重要的命题。在大陆范围内，潜在的水资源是丰富的，但现实的水资源不足，中国未来需水总量并不会有大的增加，但对水质的要求会有较大的提高。从面向生态的水资源管理观点出发，分析了从降水量到供需水量过程中一系列环节的调控途径和原理，指出了水资源宏观调控的技术和方法——植被调节、地表水水库调节、地下水水库调节和水体污染控制。针对我国各区域的具体特点，阐明了在不同区域水资源调控的主要目的和手段。

Based on the analysis on precipitation, water resources and its supply and consumption of China continent in 1999, the concepts of Potential and Practical Water Resources were put forward. The potential water resources (POWR) is the sum of liquid water yield of all forms in continent and the practical water resources (PRWR) is part of POWR which can be easily used. How to make the POWR mainly change into PRWR is the key problem in the strategies of water resources management. But in the dry region of northwest China, it is also important to find a suitable way to make more rainfall not evaporate but change into POWR. The analysis result demonstrates that POWR in China continent is rich but PRWR is poor. In the future, although the total water resources consumption will not increase greatly, the need for water quality is to be much higher. From the ecological viewpoint in water resources management, the paper studied the manipulating and control mechanism of different processes from precipitation to water resources consumption and discussed the four techniques of water resources management, that is, vegetation manipulation, reservoir control, underground water system conservation and water quality enhancement. In the end, the strategies of water resources management under ecological consideration for the different regions of China continent were approached.