〔1〕Namias J. Persistence of mid-tropospheric circulations between adjacent months and seasons. Rossby Memorial Volume, Rockefeller Institute Press and Oxford University Press, 1958.240～248.
〔2〕Namias J. Surface-atmosphere interactions as fundamental causes of droughts and other climatic fluctuations. Arid Zone Research, Vol 20. Changes of Climate Proc Of Rome Symp,UNESCO. 75700 Paris, France, 1963. 345～359.
〔3〕Manabe S. Climate and ocean circulation, I, the atmospheric circulation and the hydrology of the earth' s surface. Mon Wea Rev, 1969, 91:739～774.
〔4〕Manabe S, Smagorinsky J, Stricker R J. Simulated climatology of a general circulation model with a hydrological cycle.Mon Wea Rev, 1965, 93: 769～798.
〔5〕Henderson-Sellers A. Soil moisture: A critical focus for global change studies. Global and Planetary Change, 1996, 13:3～9.
〔6〕Chahine T M. The hydrological cycle and its influence on climate. Nature, 1992,359: 373～380.
〔7〕Walker J M., Rowntree P R. The effect of soil moisture on circulation and rainfall in a tropical model. Q J R Met Soc,1978,103: 29～46.
〔8〕Shukla J , Mintz Y. The influence of land-surfacee evapotran-spiration on Earth' s climate. Science,1982, 215: 1 498～1501.
〔9〕Rind D. The influence of ground moisture conditions in North America on summer climate as modeled in the GISS GCM.Mon Wea Rev, 1982, 110: 1 487～1 494.
〔10〕Rowntree P R, Bolton J R. Simulation of the atmospheric response to soil moisture anomlies over Europe. Q J R Met Soc,1983, 109: 501～526.
〔11〕Yeh T C , Wetherald R I, Manabe S. The effect of soil moisture on the short-term climate and hydrology change-A numerical experiment. Mon Wea Rev, 1984, 112: 474～490.
〔12〕Xue Y, Liou K N. Investigation of biogeophysical feedback on the african climate using a two-dimensional model. J Climate, 1990, 3: 337～352.
〔13〕Rowntree P R, Bolin J A. Experiment with soil moisture anomalies over Europe. The GARP Programme on Numerical Experimentation: Research Activities in Atmospheric and oceaic modeling。Asselin R Ed, GARP Report, No18,WMO/ICSU, Geneva, August 1978.63
〔14〕王万秋.土壤湿度异常对短期气候影响的数值模拟试验.大气科学,1991,15(2):23～31.
〔15〕Sellers P J, Sud Y C, Dalcher A. A simple biosphere model (SiB) for use within general circulation models. J Atmo Sci,1986, 43(6): 505～531.
〔16〕Dickinson R E, Henderson-Sellers A, Kennedy P,et al. Biosphere/atmosphere transfer scheme for NCAR community climate model. NCAR Tech Note TN 275+STR. National Center for Atmospheric Research,1986.69.
〔17〕Shao Y P, Henderson-sellers A. Validation of soil moisture simulation in landsurface parameterisation schemes with HAPEX data. Global and Planet ary Change, 1996, 13:11～46.
〔18〕Desborough C E , Pitman A J, Irannejad P. Analysis of the relationship between bare soil evaporation and soil moisture simulated by 13 land surface schemes for a simple non-vegetated site. Global and Planetary Change, 1996, 13: 47～56.
〔19〕Milly P C D. A refinement of the combination equations for evaporation. Surv In Geophys, 1991, 12: 145～154.
〔20〕Thom A S. Combination of aerodynamic and energy budget estimates of fluxes over a pine forest. J R Met Soc, 1975,101: 93～105.
〔21〕Grant D R. Comparison of evaporation measurements using different methods. J R Met Soc, 1975, 101: 543～550.
〔22〕蒙特思J L主编.植被与大气-原理.卢其尧,江广恒,高亮之,等译.北京:农业出版社,1985. 68～129.
〔23〕Milly P C D. Potential evaporation and soil moisture in general circulation models. J Climate, 1992, 5: 209～226.
〔24〕Kondo J, Xu J Q. Seasonal variation in the heat and water balance for nonvegetated surface. J Appli Meteo, 1995, 36:1 676～1 695.
〔25〕Delworth T L, Manabe S. The influence of potential evaporation on the variabilities of simulated soil wetness and climate. J Climate, 1988, 1: 523～547.
〔26〕Robock A, Vinnikov K Ya, Schlosser C A. Use of midlatitude soil moisture and meteorological observations to validate soil moisture simulations with biosphere and Bucket models.J Climate, 1995, 7: 15～35.
〔27〕Xue Y , Sellers P J, Kinte J L,et al. A simplified biosphere model for global climate studies. J Climate, 1991, 4: 345～364.
〔28〕Schlosser C A, Robock A, Vinnikov K Ya,et al. 18-year land-surface hydrology model simulation for midlatitude grassland catchment in Valdai Russia. Mon Wea Rev, 1997,125: 3 279～3 296.
〔29〕Smith C B, Lakhtakia M N, Capehart W J,et al. Initialization of soil-water content in regional-scal atmospheric prediction models. Bull of the Amer Meteo Soci, 1994, 75(4).
〔30〕Wei HL , Ma Zhuguo, Fu Congbin. Effects of soil moisture on regional climate model(RCM) experiments. Proceedings of the International Workshop on regional modeling of the ' General Monsoon System' in Asia. Oct 20～23, Beijing,China, 1997. 83～86.
〔31〕Benjamin S G,Carlson T N. Some effects of surface heating and topography on the regional severe storm environment.Part 1: Three - dimensional simulation. Mon Wea Rev,1986, 114: 307～329.
〔32〕Lanicci J M, Carlson T N, Warner T T. Sensitivity of the Great Plains severe-storm environment soil-moisture distribution. Mon Wea Rev, 1987, 115: 2 660～2 673.
〔33〕White G H, Kalnay E, Gardner R,et al. The skill of precipitation and surface temperature forecasts by the NMC Global Climate Model during DERF II. Mon Wea Rev, 1993, 121:805～814.
〔34〕Pan H L, A simple parameterization scheme of evapotranspiration over land for the NMC medium-range forecast model.Mon Wea Rev, 1990, 118: 2 500～2 512.
〔35〕Hoke J E, Phillips N A, DiMego G J,et al. The regional analysis and forecast system of the National Meteorological Center. Wea Forecasting, 1989, 4: 323～334.
〔36〕Mahfouf J F. Analysis of soil moisture from near-surface parameters: A feasibility study. J Appl Meteor, 1991, 30: 1534～1 547.
〔37〕Modica G D, Samuel Y K Yee, Venuti J. Some effects of soil and vegetation databases on spectra of limited-area mesoscale simulations. Mon Wea Rev, 1992, 120: 2 067～2 082.
〔38〕Van Den Hurk B J J M , Bastiaanssen Wim G M ,et al. A new methodology for assimilation of initial soil moisture fields in weather prediction models using meteosat and NOAA data. J Appl Meteor, 1997, 36: 1 271～1 283.
〔39〕Capehart J. Issues regarding the remote sensing and modeling of soil moisture for meteorological applications. The dissertation of Ph D, Technical Report Series, No 96-005.Earth System Science Center College of Earth &Mineral Sciences, 1996.
〔40〕Calvet J C, Nolhan J, Bessemoulin P. Retrieving the root-zone soil moisture from surface soil moisture or temperature estimates: a feasibility study based on field measurements. JAppl Meteor,1998,37:371～386.
〔41〕Giorgi F, Bates G T. The climatological skill of a regional model over complex terrain. Mon Wea Rev, 1989, 117: 2325～2 347.
〔42〕Vinnikov K Ya, Yeserkepova I B. Soil moisture: Empirical data and model results. J Climate, 1991, 4: 66～79.
〔43〕Vinnikov K Ya, Robock A, Speranskaya N A,et al. Scales of temporal and spatial variability of midlatitude soil moisture. J Geophys Res,1996, 101: 7 163～7 174.
〔44〕李国平,符淙斌,叶笃正.大尺度降雨异常对地面过程的影响——一类气候反馈机制的初步研究.大气科学,1991, 15(2): 23～31.
〔45〕马柱国,魏和林,符淙斌.中国区域土壤湿度的时空变化,1999(待刊).
〔46〕马柱国,魏和林,符淙斌.中国区域土壤湿度的变化及其与气候变率的关系.气象学报,1999(待刊).