深层气理论分析和深层气潜势研究

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2003.02.0236

近年来的一些文献表述深层气时在"深层"和"深部"名词概念上容易造成不必要的费解。就沉积层而言，宜将生油主带（生油窗）作为"深"的界限，从此界限开始到基底以上地层范围的天然气统统称为"深层气"；就整个地球而言，宜将沉积层结晶基底和该基底以下的天然气统统称为"深部气"。当然，还应更多地注意来源于深部"深生浅储"的"深层气"。深层气的形成与地壳烃类形成的垂直分带性有关。在一定的历史时期和一定的沉积盆地油气形成分带性理论对勘探实践发挥了一定的指导作用，随着油气地质科研和勘探实践的发展，人们逐渐发现了油气形成分带性理论中油相消失和气相生成带开始门限指标的局限性。不同盆地有不同深度的生油主带，因而也有不同深度范围生气主带（干气带）。腐泥型有机质的演化需要更高的活化能，而需更高的温度和更大的深度，其生气主带深于腐殖型有机质源岩层的位置。生气主带有机质演化受多种因素控制，其中温度、深度和时间是重要因素，引起深层温度升高的条件有地球动力和深部热流等。古生界以前的重大生物地质事件为深层气形成准备了有机质及其演化条件，从物质基础上讲，深层气有巨大的资源潜势。油气形成的地球动力学观点及其他新观点为研究深层气提供了新的思路，岩石圈的烃类资源远未枯竭，被发现和开采的资源仅是其中的一部分，更多的需在深部去发掘。

关键词: 深层气, 油气形成的分带性, 油相, 干气带, 门限指标, 显生宙, 生物地质事件, 生物灭绝, 地球动力学, 烃圈

In recent years, the concept of deep seated gas was commonly mixed up with deep gas in some published articles. In sedimentary, it is better to make the main oil and gas generating zone (oil generating window) as the limit of hydrocarbon generating depth, and the gas that seated in the strata between the depth and sedimentary basement should be named deep seated gas. But to the earth, it is better to name the gas that seated in and under sedimentary crystalline basement as deep gas. Of course, the gas that generated in deeper strata but reserved in shallower strata should also be a important kind of deep seated gas. The generation of deep seated gas relate to the vertical zonation of hydrocarbon generation in earth crust. The theory of oil and gas generating zonation for sedimentary basin have effect on exploration practice in some historical period or in some basins. But with the development of oil and gas geology theory study and exploration practice, the limit of threshold indicate that was made for oil phase disappearing and gas phase appearing in the theory of oil and gas generating zonation was find by scientists. Different basin has different depth for main oil generating zone, so for main gas generating zone (dry gas zone). The sapropel-type organic matter evolution need higher temperature and biger depth and its main gas generating zone is deeper than humic-type organic matter's. Evolution of organic matter in main gas generating zone is controlled bymany different factors, including some important factors, such as temperature, depth and time. The causes that lead temperature higher are earth dynamics, heatflux in earth deep, and so on. The important geological events taken place before Paleozoic have prepared abundant organic matter and evolution condition for deep seated gas generating. So taken from matter base, there have a great resource potential for deep seated gas. Earth dynamics for oil and gas generating and other new idea offer a new way for deep seated gas study. The resources of hydrocarbon in lithosphere are not used up, but also all resources that have been proved and mined are only a small part of the whole. The main of hydrocarbon resources may be explored in the deep.

Key words: Deep seated gas, Oil and gas generating zonation, Oil phase, Dry gas zone, Threshold indicate, Phanerozoic, Biologic and geologic event, Biological extinction, Earth dynamics, Hydrocarbon sphere.

中图分类号:

P618.13

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摘要

THEORY ANALYSIS ON DEEP SEATED GAS AND ITS POTENTIAL STUDY