盐胁迫对植物的影响及AMF提高植物耐盐性的机制

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2018.04.0361

地球科学进展 ›› 2018, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (4): 361 -372. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2018.04.0361

潘晶 ^1, ²(

), 黄翠华 ¹, 罗君 ^1, ², 彭飞 ¹, 薛娴 ¹

1.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院沙漠与沙漠化重点实验室/民勤盐渍化研究站, 甘肃兰州 730000
2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049

收稿日期:2017-10-30 修回日期:2018-02-05 出版日期:2018-04-20
基金资助:
*中国科学院院地合作项目“利用黑果枸杞/利用盐碱地的试验研究及示范推广”(编号:43800312-6);国家重点研发计划项目“中国北方半干旱荒漠区沙漠化防治关键技术与示范”(编号:2016YFC0500909)资助.

Effects of Salt Stress on Plant and the Mechanism of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Enhancing Salt Tolerance of Plants

Jing Pan ^1, ²( ), Cuihua Huang ¹, Jun Luo ^1, ², Fei Peng ¹, Xian Xue ¹

1.Minqin Salinization Research Station,Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2017-10-30 Revised:2018-02-05 Online:2018-04-20 Published:2018-05-24
About author:
First author:Pan Jing (1988-), female, Minqin County, Gansu Province, Ph. D student. Research areas include degraded land improvement.E-mail:panjing@lzb.ac.cn
Supported by:
Project supported by the Program of Domestic Cooperation for Chinese Academy of Sciences “Experimental study and demonstration on the use of Lycium ruthenicum/Saline-alkali soil”(No.43800312-6);The National Key Research and Development Program of China “Key techniques and demonstration of desertification on control in semiarid area in North China”(No.2016YFC0500909).

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土壤盐渍化是在特定的自然和人类活动共同作用下产生的全球性土壤退化问题。丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)作为一种有益土壤微生物,在盐渍土壤中数量繁多、种类丰富,且能够与植物根系形成互惠共生体——丛枝菌根,从而提高植物耐盐性,进而改良盐渍土。在分析盐胁迫对植物影响机制的基础上,总结了AMF提高植物耐盐性的相关机制:①通过重建植物体内离子平衡,缓解盐离子毒害和改善植物体内营养平衡;②通过扩大植物根系吸收范围和提高渗透调节能力,缓解植物体内水分亏缺;③通过激活植物抗氧保护体系,抵抗氧化胁迫对植物造成的损伤,从而保护植物细胞膜系统和光合系统的完整性,提高植物耐盐性。最后,提出了AMF改善土壤盐渍化研究的不足与亟需解决的科学问题,以期为我国西北干旱区盐渍土的改良和土地生产力的提高提供理论指导,服务于国家建设“西部生态屏障”和“丝绸之路经济带”战略目标的实施。

关键词: 盐胁迫, 丛枝菌根真菌, 植物耐盐性

Soil salinization is one of the global land degradation problems due to the impacts of climatic variations and human activities. As a beneficial soil microorganism, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) are abundant in saline-alkaline land and form a mutual symbiosis with plants, which can improve salt tolerance of plant and reduce salt stress from the soil. Based on the mechanism of salt stress on the plant, the effects of AMF on plant physiological characteristics were introduced. Three main aspects of the AMF effects were summarized as follows: reconstructing the ion balance in plants to alleviate the toxic effects of specific ions; expanding the absorption range of plant roots and improving the osmotic regulation ability to alleviate the water deficit in plant; maintaining the integrity of cell membrane system and photosynthetic system to resist the damage caused by oxidative stress. Also, the future research direction in this field was evaluated, then a reference for the reconstruction of the saline-alkaline environment was provided.

Key words: Salt stress, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Salt tolerant.

中图分类号:

P935.1
Q494

图1 盐胁迫对植物的不良影响

Fig.1 The adverse effects of salt stress on plants

图1 盐胁迫对植物的不良影响

Fig.1 The adverse effects of salt stress on plants

表1 AMF对植物Na ⁺/H ⁺ 逆向转运蛋白基因影响的部分实验结果

Table 1 Some experimental results of AMF effects on plant Na ⁺/H ⁺ antiporter genes

供试植物	真菌类型	接种效应	参考文献
番茄	Glomus geosporum+ Glomus intraradices	Le NHX1 ○ Le NHX2 ○	[40]
	Glomus mosseae	Le NHX1 ↓	[39]

表1 AMF对植物Na ⁺/H ⁺ 逆向转运蛋白基因影响的部分实验结果

Table 1 Some experimental results of AMF effects on plant Na ⁺/H ⁺ antiporter genes

供试植物	真菌类型	接种效应	参考文献
番茄	Glomus geosporum+ Glomus intraradices	Le NHX1 ○ Le NHX2 ○	[40]
	Glomus mosseae	Le NHX1 ↓	[39]

表1 AMF对植物Na ⁺/H ⁺ 逆向转运蛋白基因影响的部分实验结果

Table 1 Some experimental results of AMF effects on plant Na ⁺/H ⁺ antiporter genes

供试植物	真菌类型	接种效应	参考文献
番茄	Glomus geosporum+ Glomus intraradices	Le NHX1 ○ Le NHX2 ○	[40]
	Glomus mosseae	Le NHX1 ↓	[39]

表1 AMF对植物Na ⁺/H ⁺ 逆向转运蛋白基因影响的部分实验结果

Table 1 Some experimental results of AMF effects on plant Na ⁺/H ⁺ antiporter genes

供试植物	真菌类型	接种效应	参考文献
番茄	Glomus geosporum+ Glomus intraradices	Le NHX1 ○ Le NHX2 ○	[40]
	Glomus mosseae	Le NHX1 ↓	[39]

图2 AMF对植物根系形态各指标的权重响应比
空心圆圈代表响应比,误差线代表95%的置信区间;误差线没有跨越零线表示处理与对照存在显著差异;若响应比为正,则说明盐胁迫下AMF可促进植物根系生长;反之亦然

Fig.2 Weighted response ratio of salinity and mycorrhizal associations on root morphology of plant
Open circles denote the overall mean response ratio; Error bars denote 95% CI. The 95% CI that do not go across the zero line mean significant difference between treatment and control. Positive values indicate an increase in root morphology parameter; Negative values indicate that the treatment is deleterious to root growth

表2 AMF对植物AQPS影响的部分实验结果

Table 2 Some experimental results of AMF effects on plant AQPS

供试植物	真菌类型	接种效应		植物水分状态	参考文献
番茄	Glomus geosporum +Glomus intraradices	Le PIP1 Le PIP2 Le TIP	↓ ○ ↓		[40]
番茄	Glomus mosseae	Le AQP2 Le PIP1 Le PIP2 Le TRAMP Le TIP	↑ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓	相对含水量(RWC) ↑ 叶片水势(Ψ_w) ↑ 根系水导 (Lpr)升高 ↑	[71]
菜豆	Glomus intraradices	PvPIP1;1 PvPIP1;2 PvPIP1;3 PvPIP2;1	↑ ↓ ↑ ↑	相对水含量(RWC) ↑ 自由渗出流(J_v) ↑ 根系水导 (Lpr)升高 ↑	[69]
生菜	Glomus intraradices	LsPIP1 LsPIP2	↑ ○	相对水含量(RWC) ↑	[70]

表2 AMF对植物AQPS影响的部分实验结果

Table 2 Some experimental results of AMF effects on plant AQPS

供试植物	真菌类型	接种效应		植物水分状态	参考文献
番茄	Glomus geosporum +Glomus intraradices	Le PIP1 Le PIP2 Le TIP	↓ ○ ↓		[40]
番茄	Glomus mosseae	Le AQP2 Le PIP1 Le PIP2 Le TRAMP Le TIP	↑ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓	相对含水量(RWC) ↑ 叶片水势(Ψ_w) ↑ 根系水导 (Lpr)升高 ↑	[71]
菜豆	Glomus intraradices	PvPIP1;1 PvPIP1;2 PvPIP1;3 PvPIP2;1	↑ ↓ ↑ ↑	相对水含量(RWC) ↑ 自由渗出流(J_v) ↑ 根系水导 (Lpr)升高 ↑	[69]
生菜	Glomus intraradices	LsPIP1 LsPIP2	↑ ○	相对水含量(RWC) ↑	[70]

表2 AMF对植物AQPS影响的部分实验结果

Table 2 Some experimental results of AMF effects on plant AQPS

供试植物	真菌类型	接种效应		植物水分状态	参考文献
番茄	Glomus geosporum +Glomus intraradices	Le PIP1 Le PIP2 Le TIP	↓ ○ ↓		[40]
番茄	Glomus mosseae	Le AQP2 Le PIP1 Le PIP2 Le TRAMP Le TIP	↑ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓	相对含水量(RWC) ↑ 叶片水势(Ψ_w) ↑ 根系水导 (Lpr)升高 ↑	[71]
菜豆	Glomus intraradices	PvPIP1;1 PvPIP1;2 PvPIP1;3 PvPIP2;1	↑ ↓ ↑ ↑	相对水含量(RWC) ↑ 自由渗出流(J_v) ↑ 根系水导 (Lpr)升高 ↑	[69]
生菜	Glomus intraradices	LsPIP1 LsPIP2	↑ ○	相对水含量(RWC) ↑	[70]

表2 AMF对植物AQPS影响的部分实验结果

Table 2 Some experimental results of AMF effects on plant AQPS

供试植物	真菌类型	接种效应		植物水分状态	参考文献
番茄	Glomus geosporum +Glomus intraradices	Le PIP1 Le PIP2 Le TIP	↓ ○ ↓		[40]
番茄	Glomus mosseae	Le AQP2 Le PIP1 Le PIP2 Le TRAMP Le TIP	↑ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓	相对含水量(RWC) ↑ 叶片水势(Ψ_w) ↑ 根系水导 (Lpr)升高 ↑	[71]
菜豆	Glomus intraradices	PvPIP1;1 PvPIP1;2 PvPIP1;3 PvPIP2;1	↑ ↓ ↑ ↑	相对水含量(RWC) ↑ 自由渗出流(J_v) ↑ 根系水导 (Lpr)升高 ↑	[69]
生菜	Glomus intraradices	LsPIP1 LsPIP2	↑ ○	相对水含量(RWC) ↑	[70]

图3 AMF提高植物耐盐性的机制

Fig.3 The mechanism of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi enhancing salt tolerance of plants

图3 AMF提高植物耐盐性的机制

Fig.3 The mechanism of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi enhancing salt tolerance of plants

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