地球科学进展

地球科学进展 ›› 2018, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (11): 1130 -1141. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2018.11.1130.

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西南喀斯特地区土壤侵蚀研究进展与展望 *
马芊红( ), 张科利 *( )   
  1. 北京师范大学,地理科学学部,地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室,北京 100875
  • 收稿日期:2018-06-28 修回日期:2018-09-27 出版日期:2018-11-20
  • 通讯作者: 张科利 E-mail:maqianhong@mail.bnu.edu.cn;keli@bnu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金重点项目“西南黄壤区不同尺度土壤侵蚀与泥沙运移规律耦合关系”(编号:41730748)资助.

Progresses and Prospects of the Research on Soil Erosion in Karst Area of Southwest China *

Qianhong Ma( ), Keli Zhang *( )   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science,Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875,China
  • Received:2018-06-28 Revised:2018-09-27 Online:2018-11-20 Published:2018-12-21
  • Contact: Keli Zhang E-mail:maqianhong@mail.bnu.edu.cn;keli@bnu.edu.cn
  • About author:

    First author:Ma Qianhong(1991-), female, Baoding City, Hebei Province, Ph. D student. Research areas include soil erosion in Karst area. E-mail:maqianhong@mail.bnu.edu.cn

  • Supported by:
    Foundation item:Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China "Multi-scale coupling of soil erosion and sediment transport in yellow soil area of Southwest China"(No.41730748).
全文 ( 11 ) 下载PDF ( 1177 )

西南喀斯特地区是我国因水土流失导致生态环境问题严重而研究相对薄弱的地区。从侵蚀特征、不同空间尺度土壤侵蚀研究进展及研究中的关键问题3个方面系统总结了该地区土壤侵蚀研究成果,在此基础上,提出现有研究中存在的不足以及未来土壤侵蚀的研究方向。结果表明:①在独特的地质水文背景下,喀斯特地区形成地表地下二元结构,导致地表侵蚀与地下侵蚀并存,在此基础上形成了复杂的坡面产流产沙过程和流域汇流输沙过程。②目前喀斯特地区土壤侵蚀机理研究多集中在坡面尺度,在土壤侵蚀影响因子定量评价上取得了丰硕成果;小流域水沙关系的连续高精度监测资料较少;资料不足时,河流泥沙可作为研究喀斯特地区土壤侵蚀强弱及时空分异特征的有效途径。③以50 t/(km2·a)作为允许土壤流失量,较以前的土壤侵蚀强度分级标准更为合理;石漠化与土壤侵蚀关系复杂,仍需进一步定量研究石漠化对土壤侵蚀的影响;目前对土壤漏失界定、漏失机理和比例等问题未形成统一认识,多方法组合、多尺度匹配是揭示漏失的可靠途径。总之,为进一步探明喀斯特地区土壤侵蚀规律,建立和完善适用于该地区的土壤侵蚀预报模型,迫切需要在坡面—流域—河道尺度上开展同步试验和监测,追踪泥沙来源,从而为推进西南喀斯特地区水土保持工作提供理论和技术支撑。

关键词: 土壤侵蚀, 石漠化, 土壤漏失, 西南喀斯特地区

The karst area of Southwest China is suffering from serious ecological and environmental problems due to soil erosion while the research on soil erosion is not sufficient. Primary achievement was systematically reviewed in this paper in three aspects: erosion characteristics, current researches about erosion on different spatial scales, and key scientific problems. Based on the review, the authors figured out the shortcomings of the existing studies and pointed out the directions on erosion study in southwest China karst region. The results showed that: ① Due to the existence of a dual structure in karst environment including ground and underground erosion, the process of runoff and sediment production on slope scale and confluence and sediment transportation processes on catchment scale were more complex under the unique geological and hydrological backgrounds; ② At present, most researches about erosion mechanism in karst area focus on slope scale and some achievements on quantitative evaluation of erosion factors have been made. Continuous data with high quality about relationship between water and sediment on catchment scale is limited. When data is scarce, river sediment data can be used as an effective way to study soil erosion intensity and spatial-temporal variation in karst area; ③ It is more reasonable to use 50 t/(km2·a) as the grading standard of soil loss tolerance than the previous grading standard of soil erosion intensity. Given the complex relationship between rocky desertification and soil erosion, more quantitative studies about the effects of rocky desertification on soil erosion are still necessary. There are different viewpoints on soil leakage definitions, leakage mechanism and leakage ratios, and new breakthroughs could be achieved by combining different methods and matching multi-scales. In conclusion, in order to further reveal soil erosion laws and establish and revise available regional soil erosion forecasting models for Southwest China karst areas, synchronous test and monitoring on slope, watershed, and channel spatial scales are urgently needed. The results can provide theoretical and technical support for promoting soil and water conservation work for the karst area of Southwest China.

Key words: Soil erosion, Rocky desertification, Soil leakage, Karst area of Southwest China.

中图分类号: 

表1 喀斯特地区土壤侵蚀强度分级标准(单位:t/(km 2·a))
Table 1 Classification standards for erosion intensity for Karst areas(unit:t/(km 2·a))
侵蚀等级
来源		 微度 轻度 中度 强烈 极强烈 剧烈
SL190-1996/2007 <500 500~2 500 2 500~5 000 5 000~8 000 8 000~15 000 >15 000
SL461-2009 <50 50~300 300~1 500 1 500~3 000 3 000~6 000 >6 000
柴宗新[55] <68 68~100 100~200 200~500 >500 -
韦启璠[16] <50 50~100 100~200 200~500 500~1 000 >1 000
陈晓平[15] <46 46~230 230~460 460~740 740~1 300 >1 300
万军等[54] <46 46~230 230~460 460~700 700~1 300 >1 300
曹建华等[56]和蒋忠诚等[57] <30 30~100 100~200 200~500 500~1 000 >1 000
蒋忠诚等(纯石灰岩)[57] <2 2~10 10~30 30~100 100~200 >200
表2 石漠化强度分级标准(单位:%)
Table 2 Classification standards for rocky desertification(unit:%)
石漠化等级
来源		 无石漠化 潜在石漠化 轻度石漠化 中度石漠化 强度石漠化
吕涛(纯碳酸盐区)[63] <50 50~60 60~70 70~80 80~90
吕涛(非纯碳酸盐区)[63] <50 50~60 60~70 >70 -
熊康宁等[64] <40 40~60 60~70 70~80 >80
王宇等[65]和Jiang等[60] <30 - 30~50 50~70 >70
王连庆等[66] <30 - 30~50 50~80 >80
许尔琪[67]和Li等[68] <20 20~30 30~50 50~70 70~90
蒋忠诚等[69] <10 10~30 30~50 50~70 >70
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