碎屑磷灰石对沉积物源判别的指示
  <sup>*</sup>

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2018.11.1142.

地球科学进展 ›› 2018, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (11): 1142 -1153. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2018.11.1142.

碎屑磷灰石对沉积物源判别的指示 ^*

张硕(

), 简星 ^*(

), 张巍

厦门大学近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室,海洋与地球学院,福建厦门 361102

收稿日期:2018-06-15 修回日期:2018-10-12 出版日期:2018-11-20
通讯作者: 简星 E-mail:zhangshuomarine@163.com;xjian@xmu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目“闽江不同季节入海悬浮沉积物的物源分析:来自微量元素和Sr-Nd同位素的约束”(编号:41806052);福建省自然科学基金项目“闽江口沉积物的Nd同位素组成与物源示踪”(编号:2017J05067)资助.

Sedimentary Provenance Analysis Using Detrital Apatite: A Review ^*

Shuo Zhang( ), Xing Jian ^*( ), Wei Zhang

State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian Xiamen 361102, China

Received:2018-06-15 Revised:2018-10-12 Online:2018-11-20 Published:2018-12-21
Contact: Xing Jian E-mail:zhangshuomarine@163.com;xjian@xmu.edu.cn
About author:
First author:Zhang Shuo(1995-), male, Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province, Master student. Research areas include sedimentary geology and sedimentary geochemistry. E-mail: zhangshuomarine@163.com
Supported by:
Foundation item:Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China "Provenance of seasonal suspended sediments discharged by the Minjiang River: Constraints from trace elements and Sr-Nd isotopes"(No.41806052);The Natural Science Foundation in Fujian Province "Nd isotopes and provenance of the sediments in the Minjiang River mouth"(No.2017J05067)

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基于单颗粒碎屑磷灰石原位分析的物源分析是沉积地质学研究的一种重要手段。磷灰石中Sr,Y和稀土等微量元素含量由SiO₂含量和所在熔体中的分配系数控制,微量元素的含量在不同岩石的磷灰石中差异较大,可作为指示其母岩类型的重要指标。磷灰石在物源分析中的应用可归纳为以下3个方面:①元素地球化学,特征元素包括Sr、Y、稀土元素(REE)等;②同位素地球化学,包括Sr-Nd同位素、Lu-Hf同位素等;③单颗粒多法定年,即同颗粒磷灰石进行(U-Th)/He、裂变径迹和U-Pb定年分析。综合上述3个方面可获得磷灰石的母岩类型、形成条件和后期演化、源区抬升剥蚀史、沉积区沉降史等信息。尽管碎屑磷灰石的热年代学目前在沉积物源研究中运用广泛,但基于碎屑磷灰石元素及同位素地球化学(包括磷灰石U-Pb同位素定年)的沉积物源判别仍处于起步阶段,在沉积地质学、盆地分析、构造地质学等研究领域具有广阔的应用前景。

关键词: 磷灰石, 物源分析, 元素地球化学, 同位素地球化学, 多法定年

In situ analysis of detrital apatite is a significant approach to sedimentary provenance analysis, which is an important aspect in sedimentary geology study. Several trace elements such as Sr, Y and Rare Earth Elements (REEs) concentrate in apatites, and the distribution of these elements depends on the content of SiO₂ and the distribution coefficient of the melt, thus the trace element abundances is obviously different in different rocks. These features can be used to indicate parent-rocks of detrital apatites in sedimentary rocks. The approaches and proxies of detrital apatite to sedimentary provenance analysis can be summarized as follows. ①elemental geochemistry, such as Sr, Y, REEs, the approaches including chondrite-normalised REE distribution patterns of apatites, Classification and Regression Tree (CART) and discriminant plots of REE parameters; ②isotopic geochemistry, including Sr-Nd and Lu-Hf isotopes; ③Multi-dating, including low-temperature thermochronology such as (U-Th)/He (AHe)and Fission Track (AFT) dating, and high-temperature thermochronology such as U-Pb dating. Based on an integrated analysis using these methods, we can get various and comprehensive geological information such as the rock type, formation conditions and evolution of source rocks, the history of uplift and exhumation of source areas and even the subsidence history of sedimentary basins. Although the low-temperature thermochronology of detrital apatite is widely used in sedimentary provenance analysis, the elemental and isotopic geochemistry, as well as the U-Pb dating, remains to be developed. These approaches are supposed to have wide application prospects in several research areas such as tectonics, sedimentary geology basin analysis and even paleoclimatology.

Key words: Apatite, Provenance, Elemental geochemistry, Isotopic geochemistry, Multi-dating.

中图分类号:

P597.3

图1 各类型岩石中磷灰石REE球粒陨石标准化配分模式图
(a)~(c) 数据来自参考文献[ 19 ];(d),(e) 数据来自参考文献[ 6 ];(f) 数据来自参考文献[35,36];(g)数据来自参考文献[ 32 , 33 , 34 ];(h)数据来自参考文献[37,38];(i)数据来自参考文献[ 39 ];(j)数据来自参考文献[ 40 ];(k)数据来自参考文献[ 41 ];(l)数据来自参考文献[42,43]

Fig.1 Chondrite-normalised REE distribution patterns of apatites from different rock types
The data in (a)~(c) comes from reference[19]; The data in (d),(e) comes from reference[6]; The data in (f) comes from references[35,36];The data in (g) comes from references[32~34]; The data in (h) comes from references[37,38]; The data in (i) comes from reference[39];The data in (j) comes from reference[40]; The data in (k) comes from reference[41]; The data in (l) comes from references[42,43]

图2 辨别磷灰石母岩类型的分类回归树
虚线部分为本文改动或增加部分,增加部分数据来源:榴辉岩数据来自参考文献[25,41];碳酸岩数据来自参考文献[40,49];花岗岩数据来自参考文献[19,50];铁矿床数据来自参考文献[33,37]

Fig.2 CART for the recognition of apatites from different rock types
The dotted lines mean the modified or added, the data in added part: The data in eclogite comes from references[25,41]; The data in carbonatite comes from references[40,49]; The data in granite comes from references[19,50]; The data in iron deposit comes from references[33,37]

图3 不同岩石类型的二元判别图解(a)(Gd/Yb) _N-δEu图解;(b)(La/Sm) _N -(La/Yb) _N图解;(c)(La/Yb) _N-∑REE图解;碳酸岩数据来自参考文献[40,49];二辉橄榄岩、辉绿岩数据来自参考文献[ 6 ];正长岩数据来自参考文献[35,36];花岗岩数据来自参考文献[19,50~52];花岗伟晶岩数据来自参考文献[ 39 ];岩浆型铁矿床数据来自参考文献[37,38];热液流体相关的铁矿床数据来自参考文献[ 32 , 33 , 34 ];榴辉岩数据来自参考文献[ 41 ];角闪岩数据来自参考文献[ 53 ];磷块岩数据来自参考文献[42,43]

Fig.3 Fields of apatite composition from different rock types, proposed as discriminant plots (a) Plot of (Gd/Yb) _N-δEu, (b) Plot of (La/Sm) _N -(La/Yb) _N, (c) Plot of (La/Yb) _N-∑REE. The data in carbonatite comes from references [40,49]; The data in lherzolite and dolerite comes from reference[6]; The data in syenite comes from references[35,36]; The data in carbonatite comes from references[19,50~52]; The data in granitic pegmatite comes from reference[39]; The data in magmatic iron deposit comes from references[37,38]; The data in hydrothermal iron deposit comes from references[32~34]; The data in eclogite comes from reference[41];The data in amphibolite comes from reference[53]; The data in phosphorite comes from references[42,43]

图4 磷灰石多法定年示意图
(a)岩石抬升、剥蚀过程中的热历史轨迹;(b)多法定年峰值图;数据来自参考文献[55,56]

Fig.4 Illustration of Multi-dating of detrital apatite
(a)The track of thermal history during lifting and exhumation;(b)The density diagrams of multi-dating; The data comes from references[55,56]

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Sedimentary Provenance Analysis Using Detrital Apatite: A Review *

Sedimentary Provenance Analysis Using Detrital Apatite: A Review ^*