<sup>137 </sup>Cs示踪农耕地土壤侵蚀速率模型的比较研究

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2004.01.0032

地球科学进展 ›› 2004, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (1): 32 -037. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2004.01.0032

¹³⁷Cs示踪农耕地土壤侵蚀速率模型的比较研究

李立青;杨明义;刘普灵;王晓燕;田均良

中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室，西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所，陕西杨凌 712100

收稿日期:2002-11-26 修回日期:2003-04-07 出版日期:2004-01-20
通讯作者: 李立青(1977-),男,内蒙古察右中旗人,在读硕士研究生,主要从事土壤侵蚀新技术、新方法研究. E-mail:E-mail:li-liqing@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目“¹³⁷Cs和⁷Be复合示踪研究坡耕地侵蚀产沙时空分布特征”(编号:40071059);中国科学院“西部之光”项目“核素示踪在黄土高原生态环境建设减沙效益评价中的应用”资助.

THE DISCUSSION ON MODELS FOR ESTIMATING SOIL EROSION RATES FROM CAESIUM-137 MEASUREMENTS ON CULTIVATED LAND

LI Liqing, YANG Mingyi, LIU Puling, WANG Xiaoyan, TIAN Junliang

State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Northwest Science and Technology University of Agriculture and Forestry, Yangling 712100, China

Received:2002-11-26 Revised:2003-04-07 Online:2004-01-20 Published:2004-02-01

下载PDF ( 1066 )

¹³⁷Cs示踪技术广泛地应用于农耕地土壤侵蚀研究，目前已建立了许多运用 ¹³⁷Cs估算土壤侵蚀速率的模型。这些模型主要分为两类：经验模型与理论模型。其中理论模型中的质量平衡模型应用较多。质量平衡模型主要有：Wal l ing模型、张信宝模型、杨浩模型和周维芝模型。重点讨论这 4种质量平衡模型的异同。详细阐述了这四种模型的建立过程，并用图形模拟的方法给出各个模型所刻画的土壤侵蚀速率与土壤剖面中 ¹³⁷ Cs相对损失率的关系。分析表明，尽管各个模型在建立的假设和方法上以及对 ¹³⁷Cs沉降过程的处理上存在一定程度的差异，但是各个模型所刻画的土壤侵蚀速率与土壤剖面中 ¹³⁷Cs相对损失率的关系实质上都是幂函数的形式，而且这 4条曲线的走势基本一致，各自计算的土壤侵蚀速率差异也较小。因此，在利用 ¹³⁷Cs技术示踪农耕地土壤侵蚀速率时，这 4个模型都可以应用。

关键词: ¹³⁷Cs示踪, 速率模型, 农耕地, 土壤侵蚀

Soil erosion on agricultural land has become a global environmental problem and information on rates of soil loss is an important requirement both for quantifying the problem and for developing improved land management and soil conversation practices. The use of fallout ¹³⁷Cs measurements can overcome many of the difficulties facing traditional approaches to erosion monitoring and provide an effective means for obtaining estimates of soil redistribution rates on cultivated land. There are two key problems calling for scientific solutions to practical utilization of this technique. One is the determination of reference value of¹³⁷Cs content of soil that has never experienced erosion and deposition, and the other is the establishment of the quantitative model between the amount of ¹³⁷Cs loss from the soil profile and the rate of soil erosion. At present, a number of empirical functions and theoretical models have been developed to establish the relationship between the change in the soil ¹³⁷Cs inventory relative to the local ¹³⁷Cs fallout input and the rate of soil erosion. They are reviewed and evaluated in this paper. The physically based mass balance models are relatively reliable because they involved considerations of many factors related to the erosion process. The mass balance models include Walling model, Zhang Xinbao.model, Yang Hao.model, and Zhou Weizhi.model. Although they all belong to the mass balance model, they were established by different ways. This paper will mainly discuss the difference and similarity among these four models.

Key words: ¹³⁷Cs, Quantitative model, Evaluation.

中图分类号:

S157．1

［1］Yang Mingyi(杨明义), Tian Junliang(田均良), Liu Puling(刘普灵), et al. A study on spatial distribution of soil erosion and deposition in a small drainage of the Loess plateau［Ｊ］.Advance in Natural Science(自然科学进展), 2001, 11(1): 71-75(in Chinese).
［2］Zhang Xinbao(张信宝), Li Shaolong(李少龙), Wang Chenghua(王成华),et al. A study on sediment source in a small drainage of the Loess plateau［Ｊ］.Chinese Science Bulletin(科学通报), 1989, 3: 210-213(in Chinese)
［3］Walling D E, He Q. Improved models for estimating soil erosion rates from caesium-137 measurements ［Ｊ］. The Journal of Environmental Quality, 1999, 28 (2): 611-622.
［4］Walling D E, Quine T A. Calibration of caesium-137 measurements to provide quantitative erosion data ［Ｊ］. Land Degradation and Rehabilitation, 1990, 2: 161-175.
［5］Ritchie, J C, MeHenry J R, Gill A C. Fallout Cs-137 in the soils and sediments of three small watersheds ［Ｊ］.Ecology, 1974, 55:887-890.
［6］De Jong E, Begg C M, Kachanoski R G. Estimates of soil erosion and deposition from Saskatchewan soils ［Ｊ］. Canada Journal of Soil Science, 1983, 63 (3): 607-617.
［7］Brown R B, Kling G F, Cutshall N H. Agricultural erosion indicated by caesium-137 redistribution:Ⅱ. Estimating rates of erosion rates ［Ｊ］.Soil Science of American Society, 1981, 45(6): 1 191-1 197.
［8］Kachanoski R G. Estimating soil loss from changes in soil cesium-137 ［Ｊ］. Canada Journal of Soil Science, 1993, 73(4): 629-632.
［9］Kachanoski, De Jong. Predicting the temporal relationship between soil caesium-137 and erosion rate ［Ｊ］. The Journal of Environmental Quality, 1984, 13:301-304.
［10］Zhang X B, Walling D E, He Q. Simplified mass balance models for assessing soil erosion rates on cultivated land using caesium-137 measurements ［Ｊ］. Hydrological Science, 1999, 44(1): 33-45.
［11］Zhang Xinbao(张信宝), Higgitt D L, Walling D E. A preliminary assessment of potential for using cesium-137 to estimate rates of soil erosion in the Loess Plateau ［Ｊ］. Geochimica(地球化学), 1991, 3: 212-218(in Chinese)
［12］Yang Hao, Du Mingyuan, Zhao Qiguo,et al. A quantitative model for estimating mean annual soil loss in cultivated land using ¹³⁷Cs measurements［Ｊ］. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2000, 46 (1): 69-79.
［13］Yang Hao(杨浩), Du Mingyuan(杜明远), Zhao Qiguo(赵其国),et al. Quantitative model considering surface enrichment to estimate soil erosion rates using ¹³⁷Cs ［Ｊ］. Journal of Soil Erosion and Soil and Water Conservation(土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报), 1999, 5 (3): 42-48(in Chinese)
［14］Tang Xiangyu(唐翔宇), Yang hao(杨浩), Zhao Qiguo(赵其国),et al. Review of progresses in application of ¹³⁷Cs tracer technique to the estimate of soil erosion ［Ｊ］. Advance in Earth Sciences(地球科学进展), 2000, 15 (5): 576-582(in Chinese)
［15］Yang H, Du M, Chang Q,et al. Quantitative model for estimating soil erosion rates by using ¹³⁷Cs［Ｊ］. Pedospheere, 1998, 8: 211-220.
［16］Zhou Weizhi(周维芝). A study on soil erosion of different physiognomies in the Loess Plateau using ¹³⁷Cs technique ［Ｄ］. Institute of Soil and Water, Chinese Academy of Science, Yangling in Shaanxi Province, 1996(in Chinese)
［17］Owens P N, Walling D E, He Q,et al. The use of caesium-137 measurement to establish a sediment budget for the Start catchment, Devon, UK ［Ｊ］. Hydrological Sciences, 1997,42: 405-423.

[1]	李芦頔,吴冰,李鑫璐,杨洁,林良国. 土壤侵蚀中的片蚀研究综述[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(7): 712-726.
[2]	马芊红, 张科利. 西南喀斯特地区土壤侵蚀研究进展与展望 ^*[J]. 地球科学进展, 2018, 33(11): 1130-1141.
[3]	张琪琳, 王占礼, 王栋栋, 刘俊娥. 黄土高原草地植被对土壤侵蚀影响研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2017, 32(10): 1093-1101.
[4]	史忠林, 文安邦, 严冬春, 龙翼, 周萍. ⁷Be法估算土壤侵蚀速率若干问题的探讨[J]. 地球科学进展, 2016, 31(9): 885-893.
[5]	刘希林，张大林，贾瑶瑶. 崩岗地貌发育的土体物理性质及其土壤侵蚀意义——以广东五华县莲塘岗崩岗为例[J]. 地球科学进展, 2013, 28(7): 802-811.
[6]	戴海伦, 金复鑫, 张科利. 国内外风蚀监测方法回顾与评述[J]. 地球科学进展, 2011, 26(4): 401-408.
[7]	马乐宽,李天宏,刘国彬. 基于水土保持的流域生态环境需水研究[J]. 地球科学进展, 2008, 23(10): 1102-1110.
[8]	杨勤科,李锐,曹明明. 区域土壤侵蚀定量研究的国内外进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2006, 21(8): 849-856.
[9]	张风宝;杨明义;赵晓光;刘普灵. 磁性示踪在土壤侵蚀研究中的应用进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2005, 20(7): 751-756.
[10]	王兆印;郭彦彪;李昌志;王费新. 植被—侵蚀状态图在典型流域的应用[J]. 地球科学进展, 2005, 20(2): 149-157.
[11]	张岩，张清春，刘宝元. 降水变化对陕北黄土高原植被覆盖度和高度的影响[J]. 地球科学进展, 2002, 17(2): 268-272.
[12]	谢云，刘宝元，伍永秋. 切沟中土壤水分的空间变化特征[J]. 地球科学进展, 2002, 17(2): 278-282.
[13]	符素华,刘宝元. 土壤侵蚀量预报模型研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2002, 17(1): 78-84.
[14]	唐翔宇，杨浩，李仁英，赵其国. ⁷Be在土壤侵蚀示踪中的应用研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2001, 16(4): 520-525.
[15]	唐翔宇,杨浩,赵其国,李仁英,朱振华,濮励杰. ¹³⁷Cs示踪技术在土壤侵蚀估算中的应用研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2000, 15(5): 576-582.

阅读次数

全文

摘要