<sup>137</sup>Cs示踪技术在土壤侵蚀估算中的应用研究进展

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2000.05.0576

地球科学进展 ›› 2000, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (5): 576 -582. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2000.05.0576

¹³⁷Cs示踪技术在土壤侵蚀估算中的应用研究进展

唐翔宇 ^①,杨浩 ^①,赵其国 ^①,李仁英 ^①,朱振华 ^②,濮励杰 ^②

①中国科学院南京土壤研究所,江苏南京 210008;②南京大学城市与资源学系,江苏南京 210093

收稿日期:2000-01-03 修回日期:2000-03-20 出版日期:2000-10-01
通讯作者: 唐翔宇(1972-),男,浙江省江山县人,博士研究生,主要从事土壤侵蚀的示踪研究。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目“我国红壤地区土壤中¹³⁷Cs分布特征及侵蚀示踪研究”(编号:49973027);科技部973项目“红壤侵蚀示踪与侵蚀动态监测与预测研究”(编号:G1999011801);中国科学院院长特别资助基金“中国南方红壤地区土壤侵蚀作用的¹³⁷Cs示踪研究”;中国科学院红壤生态实验站基金“利用Cs-137示踪红壤侵蚀和沉积速率的定量研究”联合资助。

REVIEW OF PROGRESSES IN APPLICATION OF137Cs TRACER TECHNIQUE TO THE ESTIMATE OF SOIL EROSION

①Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;②Department of Municipal and Resources Sciences,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China

Received:2000-01-03 Revised:2000-03-20 Online:2000-10-01 Published:2000-10-01

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¹³⁷Cs示踪技术目前已被广泛用于长期的土壤侵蚀(水蚀)估算。该技术要解决的两个关键问题是土壤¹³⁷Cs基准值的确定,以及土壤的¹³⁷Cs损失量与土壤侵蚀量之间的定量模型的建立。对现有的主要的定量模型进行了简述,并提出了各自的局限性。这些模型可分为经验模型和理论模型两大类,其中以理论模型中的质量平衡模型较为成熟,综合考虑了较多的侵蚀因子,如¹³⁷Cs年沉降分量、土壤颗粒粒径分布差异、地表富集作用、耕作土壤在耕作活动前新沉降¹³⁷Cs的侵蚀损失等。对现有模型的改进也进行了探讨,并提出了今后的一些研究重点。

关键词: 土壤侵蚀速率, ¹³⁷Cs, 定量模型, 质量平衡模型

The ¹³⁷Cs tracer technique has been widely used in the estimate of water-induced soil erosion rate representing a long term. There are two key problems calling for scientific solutions to practical utilization of this technique. One is the determination of reference value of ¹³⁷Cs content of soil having experienced neither erosion nor deposition, and the other is the establishment of the quantitative model between the amount of ¹³⁷Cs lost from the soil profile and the rate of soil loss. The primary existing quantitative model was reviewed in this paper, and their limitations were also revealed. These models fell into two categories, namely, empirical model and theoretical model, among which the mass-balance models are relatively reliable because they involved considerations of many factors related to the soil erosion process, such as annual fractions of ¹³⁷Cs fallout input, the grain size selectivity associated with soil erosion and sediment transport processes, surface enrichment,¹³⁷Cs loss due to soil erosion prior to the tillage operation, and etc. The needs of some further improvements of existing models and some additional intensive works were also suggested in this paper.

Key words: Rate of soil erosion, ¹³⁷Cs, Quantitative model, Mass-balance model.

中图分类号:

S157.1

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