地球科学进展

地球科学进展 ›› 2015, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (10): 1151 -1161. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2015.10.1151.

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京津冀地区可持续发展的主要资源和环境限制性要素评价——基于景观可持续科学概念框架
张达 1, 2, 3( ), 何春阳 1, 2, *( ), 邬建国 1, 2, 4, 黄庆旭 1, 2   
  1. 1.北京师范大学人与环境系统可持续性研究中心,北京 100875
    2.北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室,北京 100875
    3.北京师范大学资源学院,北京 100875
    4.美国亚利桑那州立大学生命科学院和全球可持续性研究所,坦佩 亚利桑那州 85287
  • 收稿日期:2015-07-15 修回日期:2015-08-23 出版日期:2015-10-20
  • 通讯作者: 何春阳 E-mail:zhangda0813@163.com;hcy@bnu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点基础研究发展计划项目“全球变化与区域可持续发展耦合模型及调控对策”（编号：2014CB954303&2014CB954302）;国家自然科学基金优秀青年基金项目“土地利用与土地覆被变化”（编号：41222003）资助

Assessment of Constraint Factors of Resources and Environment of Sustainable Development in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebeiregion: Based on the Framework of Landscape Sustainability Science

Da Zhang 1, 2, 3( ), Chunyang He 1, 2, *( ), Jianguo Wu 1, 2, 4, Qingxu Huang 1, 2   

  1. 1. Center for Human-Environment System Sustainability, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
    2.State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875,China
    3.College of Resources Science & Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
    4.School of Life Sciences and Global Institute of Sustainability, Arizona StateUniversity, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
  • Received:2015-07-15 Revised:2015-08-23 Online:2015-10-20 Published:2015-10-20
  • Contact: Chunyang He E-mail:zhangda0813@163.com;hcy@bnu.edu.cn
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京津冀地区是我国社会经济发展的重要引擎,及时评估该区域的资源和环境限制性要素,对评价区域可持续性、促进该区可持续发展具有重要意义。鉴于目前对资源和环境限制性要素进行综合评价和分析的研究工作还比较缺乏,基于景观可持续科学概念框架,评估京津冀地区的资源和环境限制性要素。选择了地形、地质环境、水资源、土地资源和大气环境5种限制性要素,利用单要素评价法和多要素综合评价法,对京津冀地区资源和环境限制性要素以及区域本底特征进行了综合评价。在此基础上,划分出生物多样性优先保护区、地质灾害易发区、水资源严重短缺区、大气严重污染区和耕地优先保护区。结果表明,京津冀地区北部地形限制性较高,中部地质环境限制性和水资源限制性较高,而南部以土地资源限制性和大气环境限制性为主。同时,水资源是该地区人口增长和经济发展过程中所要面临的主要限制因素。2010年,在水资源严重短缺区中,人口总量为3 959.27万,城镇人口比例为76.90%,国内生产总值为24 555.66亿元,均高于其他区域。在当前推进京津冀地区协同发展的过程中,应从强可持续性角度出发,充分考虑资源和环境限制性要素,因地制宜地开展土地利用优化工作,保持土地利用方式和管理体制的多样性,促进区域可持续发展。

关键词: 资源, 环境, 限制性, 京津冀, 景观可持续科学

The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region is an important engine for China’s socioeconomic development. Timely and effectively assessing constraint factors of resources and environment is of great significance for the sustainability assessment and the sustainable development of this region. However, comprehensive assessment research considering key resource and environmental constraints are still lacking. In this study, therefore, the limiting factors of resources and the environment in the BTH region were assessed based on the framework of landscape sustainability science. First, we chose five limiting factors, including topographic condition, geological environment, water resource, land resource, and atmospheric environment, to assess the constraints of resources and the environment using the single-factor evaluation method and the multi-factor comprehensive evaluation method. Based on the results, we divided the whole region into five subregions, i.e., the ecological conservation subregion, the geological disaster subregion, the water resource scarcity subregion, the atmospheric pollution subregion, and the cropland protection subregion. The results revealed that the northern BTH region was highly constrained by topographic conditions, the central BTH region was strongly constrained by geological environment and water resources, whereas the southern BTH region was constrained mainly by land resources and atmospheric environment. In addition, water resource was the main limiting factor for regional population growth and economic development. In 2010, the water resource scarcity subregion had a total population of 39.59 million, an urban population of 76.90%, and a gross domestic product of 2 455.57 billion yuan. We argue that the sustainable development of the BTH region should explicitly consider the resource and environmental limiting factors, implement land use optimization according to local conditions, maintain multiple land use types and diverse management strategies, based on the perspective of “strong sustainability”, so as to promote the regional sustainable development.

Key words: Resource, Environment, Constraint, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Landscape sustainability science.

中图分类号: 

图1 研究区
Fig.1 Study area
图2 基于强可持续性的区域资源和环境限制性要素评价指标体系（根据参考文献[ 9 ]修改）
Fig.2 Indicator framework of constraints of resources and environment based on strong sustainability perspective（modified after reference[ 9 ]）
表1 地震动峰值加速度与地震烈度对照表
Table 1 Seismic peak ground acceleration (PGA) and corresponding seismic intensity
地震动峰值加速度 PGA≤0.05 g 0.05g<PGA≤0.15 g 0.15 g<PGA≤0.20 g
地震烈度值 VI VII VIII
表2 2010年京津冀地区人均水资源状况
Table 2 Water resources per capita in the BTH region in 2010
人均水资源量/（m3/人） 人均用水量/（m3/人） 人均缺水量/（m3/人）
北京 117.68 179.48 61.80
天津 71.10 174.00 102.90
河北 193.08 270.92 77.84
图3 地形限制性 数据来源于寒区旱区科学数据中心（http://westdc.westgis.ac.cn）
Fig.3 Topographic constraints in the BTH region Data was obtained from Cold and Arid Regions Sciences Data Center at Lanzhou (http://westdc.westgis.ac.cn)
图4 地震动峰值加速度 数据来源于中国地震局（http://www.csi.ac.cn/publish/main/837/1077/index.html）
Fig.4 Seismic peak ground acceleration in the BTH region Data was obtainedfrom China Earthquake Administration (http://www.csi.ac.cn/publish/main/837/1077/index.html)
图5 2010年各县级市缺水量
Fig.5 Volume of water shortage of each county in the BTH region in 2010
图6 各县级市耕地面积比例 数据来源于参考文献[ 20 ]
Fig.6 Cropland proportion of each county in the BTH region Data was obtained from Liu reference [ 20 ]
图7 2015年PM2.5排放量 数据来源于北京市环境保护监测中心（http://www.bjmemc.com.cn/）以及国家环境保护部数据中心（http://datacenter.mep.gov.cn/）
Fig.7 The spatial distribution of annual PM2.5 concentrationsin the BTH region in 2015 Data were obtained from Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center (http://www.bjmemc.com.cn/) and Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China (http://datacenter.mep.gov.cn/)
图8 资源环境限制性评价分区
Fig.8 Subregions of constraints of resources and environment
表3 2010年各分区人口数量和比例
Table 3 Characteristics of population in each subregion in 2010
资源环境限制性评价分区 总人口
/万人		 城镇人口 农村人口 0-14岁人口 65岁以上人口
总量
/万人		 比例
/%		 总量
/万人		 比例
/%		 总量
/万人		 比例
/%		 总量
/万人		 比例
/%
生物多样性优先保护区 900.57 382.77 42.50 517.81 57.50 76.48 8.49 69.71 7.74
地质灾害易发区 1 029.94 519.91 50.48 510.03 49.52 77.50 7.52 71.02 6.90
大气严重污染区 1 976.78 896.93 45.37 1079.85 54.63 171.29 8.67 152.33 7.71
耕地优先保护区 2 555.47 1 015.98 39.76 1 539.49 60.24 256.31 10.03 213.86 8.37
水资源严重短缺区 3 959.27 3 044.69 76.90 914.58 23.10 221.90 5.60 192.44 4.86
全区 10 440.53 5 871.19 56.23 4 569.34 43.77 804.49 7.71 700.32 6.71
表4 2010年各分区国内生产总值和产业结构
Table 4 Gross domestic product and industrial structure in each subregion in 2010
资源环境限制性评价分区 国内生产总值
/亿元		 第一产业 第二产业 第三产业
产值
/亿元		 比例
/%		 产值
/亿元		 比例
/%		 产值
/亿元		 比例
/%
生物多样性优先保护区 1 523.28 304.53 19.99 687.59 45.14 531.18 34.87
大气严重污染区 2 911.03 511.98 17.59 1 519.36 52.19 869.69 29.88
地质灾害易发区 2 984.30 387.52 12.99 1 656.30 55.50 940.48 31.51
耕地优先保护区 4 755.67 832.11 17.50 2481.71 52.18 1 441.85 30.32
水资源严重短缺区 24 555.66 468.01 1.91 9 305.50 37.90 14 782.25 60.20
全区 36 729.94 2 504.15 6.82 15 650.46 42.61 18 565.45 50.55
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