地球科学进展 ›› 2025, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (12): 1323 -1332. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2025.091

土地利用与景观演化 上一篇    下一篇

科尔沁沙地恢复的生物地理学基础与成效
陈雪萍1,2(), 赵学勇1,2(), 杨小菊1,2, 王瑞雄1,2   
  1. 1.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,干旱区生态安全与可持续发展全国重点实验室,奈曼沙漠化研究站,甘肃 兰州 730000
    2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-05 修回日期:2025-11-15 出版日期:2025-12-10
  • 通讯作者: 赵学勇 E-mail:chenxp0305@163.com;zhaoxy@lzb.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(42177456);内蒙古科技成果转化项目(2021CG0012)

Biogeographical Basis of Desertified Land Restoration and Achievements in Horqin Sandy Land

Xueping CHEN1,2(), Xueyong ZHAO1,2(), Xiaoju YANG1,2, Ruixiong WANG1,2   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
    2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • Received:2025-06-05 Revised:2025-11-15 Online:2025-12-10 Published:2026-01-17
  • Contact: Xueyong ZHAO E-mail:chenxp0305@163.com;zhaoxy@lzb.ac.cn
  • About author:CHEN Xueping, research area includes desert ecology. E-mail: chenxp0305@163.com
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42177456);The Science and Technology Transformation Project in Inner Mongolia(2021CG0012)

科尔沁沙地位于半干旱与半湿润气候过渡区,生态系统类型复杂且脆弱,是中国北方沙漠化最为严重的地区之一。然而,有关该区域土地沙漠化的生物地理学基础及治理成效的综合研究较为薄弱。科尔沁沙地深厚的沙质沉积(80~210 m)地层结构是该区域地下水储量相对丰富的基础。1985—2000年,科尔沁沙地土地沙漠化防治成效显著,此后,治理出现瓶颈(沙漠化土地面积减小幅度下降,生物量恢复趋势平缓)。尤其在气候变化条件下,科尔沁沙地土地沙漠化防治面临的主要挑战是水资源胁迫。通过综述与分析科尔沁沙地生态脆弱的地理学基础、土地沙漠化与恢复过程、生物生产力变化与地下水动态等研究成果,为科尔沁沙地水土资源的科学管理及退化土地持续恢复提供理论依据和数据支撑。

The Horqin Sandy Lands, located in the ecologically sensitive transitional belt between semi-arid and semi-humid climatic zones, support a complex mosaic of ecosystems characterized by inherent vulnerability and represent one of the most severely desertified regions in northern China. Despite its environmental significance, comprehensive studies that systematically integrate the biogeographical mechanisms underlying desertification with rigorous assessments of control efficacy in this region remain notably scarce. The region's comparatively substantial groundwater resources are fundamentally underpinned by an extensive and porous sandy sedimentary stratum, measuring 80 to 200 meters in thickness, which serves as a critical aquifer system. The period from 1985 to 2000 witnessed remarkable progress in desertification control, marked by a significant reversal in land degradation trends. Nevertheless, the subsequent phase post-2000 has been defined by a pronounced operational bottleneck, manifesting as a markedly decelerated rate of reduction in desertified land area and a stagnating trajectory in the recovery of biomass. In the context of ongoing climate change, the foremost challenge confronting sustainable desertification management in the Horqin Sandy Lands is escalating water resource stress, which threatens the longevity of past restoration gains and future initiatives. This review systematically synthesizes and critically evaluates a substantial body of research pertaining to the geographical foundations of ecological vulnerability, the dynamic processes and mechanisms of desertification and ecological recovery, and the intricate interrelationships between biological productivity fluxes and groundwater dynamics. By constructing a comprehensive synthesis from these diverse research strands, this review aims to elucidate the complete narrative of desertification control tracing its foundations, achievements, and contemporary challenges, thereby providing a robust theoretical framework and empirical evidence base to inform the scientific management of soil and water resources and to guide the sustainable restoration of degraded landscapes in the Horqin Sandy Lands.

中图分类号: 

图1 科尔沁沙地位置及土地利用类型(2020年)
Fig. 1 Site and land use types of Horqin Sandy Land2020
图2 科尔沁沙地土壤剖面特征
(a)剖面分层依据 《内蒙古哲里木盟土壤》绘制;(b)土壤分层为奈曼站综合监测样地取样过程中拍摄的照片。
Fig. 2 Soil profiles of Horqin Sandy Land
(a) The soil profile stratification on the left was drawn based on Soils of Jirem LeagueInner Mongolia; (b) The soil profile stratification on the right is a photograph taken during the sampling process at the comprehensive monitoring plot of Naiman Station.
图3 科尔沁沙地沙漠化土地变化过程
1959—2015年数据来源于国家冰川冻土沙漠科学数据中心;2020年数据来源于奈曼站解译结果。
Fig. 3 Changes of desertified land in Horqin Sandy Land
Data during 1959 to 2015 from National Cryosphere Desert Data Center, and the data in 2020 from Naiman Station.
图4 科尔沁沙地生物量长期变化过程
1937年数据来源于参考文献[1],其他数据来自奈曼站监测数据库。
Fig. 4 Long term change of the grassland biomass in Hoqin Sandy Land
Data in 1937 is from the reference [1], the others from the data bank of Naiman Station.
图5 科尔沁沙地奈曼旗中部地下水埋深变化及其降水量变化
白音他拉镇和大沁他拉镇数据来源于奈曼旗水务局,其他数据来源于奈曼站监测点。
Fig. 5 The changes in groundwater depth and precipitation in the central part of Naiman Banner of Horqin Sand Land
The groundwater depth data of Baiyinta La Town and Daqin Ta La Town are from the Water Affairs Bureau of Naiman Banner, and the desertification research station data are from the monitoring point of Naiman Station.
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