山区小流域花粉植被土地利用的关系:定量检测人类活动对环境的影响

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2017.09.0972

地球科学进展 ›› 2017, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (9): 972 -982. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2017.09.0972

沈巍 ¹(

), 许清海 ^2, ^*(

), 李建勇 ³, 李曼玥 ¹, 张攀攀 ², 卢静瑶 ²

1.河北师范大学泥河湾考古研究院,河北石家庄 050024
2.河北师范大学资源与环境科学学院, 河北石家庄 050024
3.中国科学院地球环境研究所,陕西西安 710075

收稿日期:2017-04-08 修回日期:2017-07-24 出版日期:2017-09-20
通讯作者: 许清海 E-mail:linghuizi@gmail.com;xuqinghai@hebtu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目“基于花粉产量定量重建我国6 ka以来的土地覆被(1°×1°)变化”(编号:41630753);中瑞NSFC-STINT合作基金项目“基于花粉的8000年以来中国北温带地区人类活动引起的土地覆被变化对气候模拟的影响”(编号:41611130050)资助

Relationship of Pollen-Vegetation-Land Use in Small Watersheds of Mountain Area: A Tentative Study of Quantitative Detecting Human Activities on Environment

Wei Shen ¹( ), Qinghai Xu ^2, ^*( ), Jianyong Li ³, Manyue Li ¹, Panpan Zhang ², Jingyao Lu ²

1.Institute of Nihewan Archaeology, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
2.College of Resources and Environment Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
3.Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710075, China

Received:2017-04-08 Revised:2017-07-24 Online:2017-09-20 Published:2017-09-20
Contact: Qinghai Xu E-mail:linghuizi@gmail.com;xuqinghai@hebtu.edu.cn
About author:
First author:Shen Wei (1988-), male, Cangnan County, Zhejiang Province, Master student. Research areas include palynology and paleoenvironment.E-mail:linghuizi@gmail.com
Supported by:
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China “Quantitative reconstruction of land cover (1 ° × 1 °) from 6 ka in China based on pollen productivity”(No.41630753);The Natural Science Foundation of China-STINT Mobility Project Sweden-China “Effects of land cover change on climate simulation caused by human activities in north China’s temperate zone since 8000 years based on pollen data” (No.41611130050)

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随着全球气候变化研究的深入,以及多种气候系统敏感性模拟,人们越来越认识到人类活动可能是驱动历史时期气候变化的重要因素之一。因此,自21世纪开始,土地覆被变化(Land Cover Change)成为全球气候变化研究和气候模拟的核心和热点。而建立花粉—植被—土地利用的关系可能是定量检测人类活动对自然环境影响的有效途径之一。为此,在石家庄西部太行山区选择了2个小流域,利用拦水坝汇水流域的土地利用状况和花粉组合特征,建立了小流域花粉植被土地利用的定量关系。流域内花粉组合既有自然植被成分,也有农作物花粉类型,较好地反映了流域内花粉—植被—土地利用的关系;随着海拔高度降低,农田面积不断增加,人类活动强度逐渐增大,谷物及蔬菜类花粉也逐渐增多,花粉百分比与土地利用回归分析表明,谷物和蔬菜类花粉百分比与农田面积呈线性正相关,对人类活动具有明显的指示意义。

关键词: 太行山, 小流域, 花粉—植被—土地利用

With the progress of study on global climate change and the sensitivity simulation of various climate systems, human activities might be one of important factors driving climate change in historical periods. Therefore, since the beginning of this century, Land Cover Change has become the currently hot topic of global change research and climate simulation. The establishment of pollen-vegetation-land use relationship may be one of the effective ways to obtain quantitative estimates of human impact on natural environment. Therefore, in the Taihang Mountains,two small watersheds were selected to detect the relationships quantitatively among pollen, vegetation and land-use of small watershed by using pollen data. There are natural vegetation components and crop pollen types in pollen assemblages, which well reflect the relationships among pollen, vegetation and land-use in small watershed. As altitude decreases, the area of farmland, the intensity of human activities and the cereal, vegetable pollen percentages increases. The regression analysis of pollen percentages and land-use indicate that a linear positive relationship exists between the percentages of cereals, vegetables pollens and the area of farmland, which has a significance for human activities.

Key words: Taihang Mountains, Small watershed, Pollen-vegetation-land use.

中图分类号:

图1 驼梁山和棋盘山流域土地利用及采样点位置分布图
TL.驼梁山;QP.棋盘山

Fig.1 Location of the sediment samples and land use in the Tuoliang Mountain catchment and the Qipan Mountain catchment
TL. Tuoliang Mountain; QP.Qipan Mountain

图2 驼梁山流域(a)和棋盘山(b)流域的小拦水坝

Fig.2 Examples of irrigation pools sampled for pollen in the Tuoliang Mountain catchment (a) and the Qipan Mountain catchment (b)

图3 驼梁山流域和棋盘山流域沉积物样品孢粉百分比(%)

Fig.3 Pollen diagrams (%) showing percentage values for the sediment samples in Tuoliang Mountain catchment (a) and Qipan Mountain catchment (b)

图4 谷物、蔬菜类花粉百分比与农田面积百分比的对比( (a),(b) ),乔木、灌木和草本花粉百分比与植被盖度的对比((c)~(e))
灰色为农田面积或植被盖度,黑色为花粉百分比;TL.驼梁山;QP.棋盘山

Fig.4 Comparisons between pollen percentages and farmland proportions((a),(b)),pollen of aboreal, shrub, herb and vegetation civer((c)~(e))
The gray columns representfarmland and plant proportion,the back columns represent pollen percentage;TL. Tuoliang Moutain; QP.Qipan Mountain

图5 谷物、蔬菜类花粉百分比与农田((a),(b)),乔木、灌木和草地花粉百分比与植物盖度的相关系数((c)~(e))
TL.驼梁山,QP.棋盘山; R>0为正相关; R<0为负相关;| R|越大,相关度越高

Fig.5 Correlations between pollen percentages of cereal and vegetables and farmlands ((a),(b)), between pollen percentages of arboreal, shrub and herb and vegetation cover((c)~(e))
TL. Tuoliang Mountain; QP.Qipan Mountain. R>0 for positive correlation; R<0 for negative correlation;the | R| is bigger, the correlated degree is higher

图6 山区、低山丘陵区和平原区谷物花粉百分比与农田百分比对比图

Fig.6 The comparisons between cereal pollen percentages and farmland proportions in mountain area, hilly area and plain area

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