地球科学进展 ›› 2017, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (8): 875 -884. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2017.08.0875

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基于土地利用类型的土壤重金属区域生态风险评价:以珠江三角洲经济区为例
宗庆霞 1( ), 窦磊 2, 侯青叶 1, *( ), 杨忠芳 1, 游远航 3, 唐志敏 1, 4   
  1. 1.中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院,北京 100083
    2.广东省地质调查院,广东 广州 510080
    3.广东省地质局第三地质大队,广东 韶关 512023
    4. 中国地质调查局南京地质调查中心,江苏 南京 210016
  • 收稿日期:2017-02-24 修回日期:2017-07-07 出版日期:2017-10-20
  • 通讯作者: 侯青叶 E-mail:qingxiazong@163.com;qingyehou@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国地质调查局地质大调查项目“珠江三角洲土壤重金属地球化学成因与风险评价”(编号:12120115050401)和“珠江三角洲土壤重金属成因与生态风险评价”(编号:121201108000150012-10)资助

Regional Ecological Risk Assessment of Soil Heavy Metals in Pearl River Delta Economic Zone Based on Different Land Uses

Qingxia Zong 1( ), Lei Dou 2, Qingye Hou 1, *( ), Zhongfang Yang 1, Yuanhang You 3, Zhimin Tang 1, 4   

  1. 1.School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
    2.Guangdong Institute of Geological Survey, Guangzhou 510080, China
    3.No.3 Geological Brigade of Guangdong Bureau of Geology, Guangdong Shaoguan 512023, China
    4.Nanjing Center, China Geological Survey, Nanjing 210016, China
  • Received:2017-02-24 Revised:2017-07-07 Online:2017-10-20 Published:2017-08-20
  • Contact: Qingye Hou E-mail:qingxiazong@163.com;qingyehou@126.com
  • About author:

    First author:Zong Qingxia(1991-),female,Zigong City,Sichuan Province,Master student. Research areas include environmental geochemistry.E-mail:qingxiazong@163.com

  • Supported by:
    *Foundation item:Project supported by the China Geological Survey “Geochemical genesis and risk assessment of heavy metals in Pearl River Delta soil”(No.12120115050401) and “Genesis and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in Pearl River Delta soil”(No.121201108000150012-10)

引用国外较成熟的2种风险评价模型,基于珠江三角洲经济区生态地球化学调查结果,结合研究区土地利用现状对珠江三角洲表层土壤(0~20 cm)8种重金属的生态风险进行评价,并采用GIS技术表征重金属在区域空间上的风险分布特征。结果表明:珠江三角洲的土壤重金属风险主要来自于As,Cd,Cu,Hg元素,Cr和Zn几乎不存在风险。23.89%的土壤慢性风险指数大于1,表明有引发慢性病的可能,风险高值区主要分布在第四系平原区。37.22%的土壤几乎不存在慢性风险,其空间分布与珠江三角洲花岗岩分布较为一致。致癌风险空间分布与慢性风险相似,25.68%的土壤致癌风险指数超过了美国环保署推荐的1×10-4。基于行政单元的人体健康风险区划表明番禺区和南沙区均存在较高的风险,应当引起足够重视。

Based on the results of regional eco-geochemical survey in Pearl River Delta Economic Zone and the local land use patterns, two conventional risk assessment models are introduced to evaluate the ecological risk of eight heavy metals in the topsoil (0~20 cm) of Pearl River Delta. The spatial distribution characteristics of risk caused by metals in the region were characterized by GIS. Results show that As、Cd、Cu and Hg in the topsoil are the primary heavy metals posing risk to the Pearl River Delta while Cr and Zn are negligible. Meanwhile, 23.89% of soil samples have a hazard index of more than 1 which suggests that it is likely to cause chronic diseases in the region. The soils with high hazard index are mainly distributed in the Quaternary area. 37.22% of soil samples have a negligible chronic risk level, of which the spatial distribution is consistent with granite area. Moreover, the spatial distribution of carcinogenic risk is similar to chronic risk, where 25.68% of samples exceed the cancer risk index (1×10-4) recommended by USEPA. Furthermore, the evaluation results presented at administrative units indicate that there are both higher chronic and cancer risk in Panyu and Nansha district where more attentions should be paid to.

中图分类号: 

图1 研究区地理位置及地质图(地质图引自参考文献[12])
Fig.1 Location of the study area and geological map(the geological map from reference [12])
表1 珠江三角洲经济区土地利用类型统计表
Table 1 Statistics of land use patterns in Pearl River Delta Economic Zone
表2 3种暴露途径下的暴露量计算公式
Table 2 Calculation formulas of metal exposure dose for three exposure pathways
表3 3种暴露途径下重金属元素的参考剂量
Table 3 Reference dose of heavy metals for three exposure pathways
表4 健康风险评价模型计算参数
Table 4 Calculation parameters in the health risk assessment models
图2 珠江三角洲表层土壤重金属元素环境风险评价图
Fig.2 Environmental risk assessment map for heavy metals in topsoil in Pearl River Delta
表5 研究区重金属环境风险等级划分
Table 5 Environmental risk levels of soil heavy metals in the study area
图3 珠江三角洲表层土壤重金属元素慢性风险评价图
Fig.3 Chronic risk assessment map for heavy metals in topsoil in Pearl River Delta
图4 珠江三角洲表层土壤重金属元素致癌风险评价图
Fig.4 Cancer risk assessment map for heavy metals in topsoil in Pearl River Delta
图5 珠江三角洲表层土壤重金属元素慢性风险区划图
Fig.5 Chronic risk assessment map at level of districts for heavy metals in topsoil in Pearl River Delta
图6 珠江三角洲表层土壤重金属元素致癌风险区划图
Fig.6 Cancer risk assessment map at level of districts for heavy metals in topsoil in Pearl River Delta
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