地球科学进展 ›› 2019, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (12): 1288 -1300. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2019.12.1288

综述与评述 上一篇    下一篇

耕作侵蚀研究回顾和展望
许海超 1, 2( ),张建辉 1( ),戴佳栋 1, 2,王勇 1, 3   
  1. 1.中国科学院水利部 成都山地灾害与环境研究所,四川 成都 610041
    2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
    3.四川农业大学 水利水电学院,四川 雅安 625014
  • 收稿日期:2019-09-01 修回日期:2019-11-30 出版日期:2019-12-10
  • 通讯作者: 张建辉 E-mail:sdxhc@139.com;zjh@imde.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“耕作对紫色土母(泥)岩成土与侵蚀的对立作用机制”(41571267);中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所“一三五”方向性项目“长江上游生态—水过程演变特点与趋势”(SDS-135-1702)

Review and Prospect of Tillage Erosion Research

Haichao Xu 1, 2( ),Jianhui Zhang 1( ),Jiadong Dai 1, 2,Yong Wang 1, 3   

  1. 1.Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Conservancy, Chengdu 610041, China
    2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    3.College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Ya’an 625014, China
  • Received:2019-09-01 Revised:2019-11-30 Online:2019-12-10 Published:2020-02-12
  • Contact: Jianhui Zhang E-mail:sdxhc@139.com;zjh@imde.ac.cn
  • About author:Xu Haichao (1990-), male, Linyi City, Shandong Province, Ph.D student. Research areas include soil erosion and physics. E-mail: sdxhc@139.com
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China “An opposing role of tillage between soil formation and soil erosion on the hillslope of purple soil”(41571267);The 135 Strategic Program of the Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment “Evolution features and trends for water processes of ecosystems in the Upper Yangtze River Basin”(SDS-135-1702)

耕作侵蚀是土壤侵蚀的重要组成,会导致地形、土壤性质和坡面水文过程的变化,已被证实是一个重要的土壤退化过程。利用科学文献计量法,总结了耕作侵蚀的发展历程、影响因子和研究方法。在此基础上,分析研究热点和趋势,对研究中存在的问题和挑战进行总结和讨论。耕作侵蚀的发生是耕作侵蚀力和景观可蚀性共同作用的结果,前者主要受人为因子影响,而后者主要由自然因子决定。为了科学认识耕作侵蚀过程及其发生和作用机制,长期以来开展了大量不同空间尺度和时间尺度的研究,并构建了多种独立的耕作侵蚀模型。随着对耕作侵蚀认识的逐步深化,耕作侵蚀从最初的独立研究逐步发展为与水蚀结合的综合土壤侵蚀研究,构建了大量科学评估区域和长时间尺度土壤侵蚀和地形演化的综合模型。然而,耕作侵蚀的多尺度综合研究有待进一步突破,与其他形式侵蚀的交互作用还有待进一步深入探索。构建精确的耕作侵蚀评估和预测模型,编制耕作侵蚀防治标准,协调耕作和土壤保护之间的关系是未来的重要发展方向。

Tillage erosion is an important component of soil erosion, which leads to changes in topography, soil properties and hydrological processes on the slope. In this paper, scientific literature analysis was made to review the historical evolution, control factors, and research methods on tillage erosion, and the challenges and opportunities of the research were summarized. It was found that the study of tillage erosion began in the United States, flourished in Europe, and developed rapidly around the world, from the review of the research history from 1942 to 2018. According to the characteristics of historical evolution, the process of tillage erosion research was divided into four stages: embryonic stage (before 1992), slow developing stage (1992-1998), rapid developing stage (1999-2006), and comprehensive research stage (2007-2018). Tillage erosion is the result of the combined effects of tillage erosivity and landscape erodibility, and its influencing factors can be divided into anthropogenic and natural factors. Tillage erosivity is mainly influenced by anthropogenic factors, while landscape erodibility is mainly determined by natural factors. Many studies with different temporal and spatial scales have been conducted by various measuring techniques, which were used to determine the process of tillage erosion, and a relatively integrated technical system has been initially established. With further studies, a number of comprehensive models, which combined tillage erosion with water erosion, were constructed to assess soil erosion and landscape evolution on greater temporal and spatial scales. However, there are still many scientific issues of tillage erosion to be explored, integrated and standardized. First, the spatial scale of tillage erosion research is mainly concentrated on small and medium scales. Future research should rely on advanced technologies, such as 3S (RS, GIS and GPS) technology, UAV aerial images, radar data and 3-D scan technology, to assess and predict macro-scale tillage erosion. There is also an urgent need of comprehensive research with multiple scales to promote the prediction accuracy of tillage erosion because different characteristics of tillage erosion are present on different spatial and temporal scales. Second, compared with natural factors, anthropogenic factors are more complex and changeable, which makes the macro-scale evaluation of tillage erosion more difficult as few tillage erosion models considered natural and human factors synchronously. Constructing a multi-factor model will be beneficial to improving the accuracy of tillage erosion assessment and prediction. Additionally, although diversified methods provided effectively technical support for tillage erosion research by ceaseless optimization, there were differences between the results obtained by different methods. Third, further research is needed to determine the interaction between tillage and water erosion. The accelerating effect of tillage erosion on water erosion has been preliminarily understood, but quantitative evaluation is not enough. Meanwhile, the studies of water erosion effects on tillage erosion are still in the qualitative description stage, and the technical methods need to be supplemented. Finally, there is still a lack of concrete and enforceable standards of tillage erosion control. Formulating standards for tillage erosion control based on regional soil properties, topographies and tillage systems is an important development direction in the future. Coordinating the contradiction between tillage and soil conservation from the perspective of farmers, who are agricultural producers, can improve the flexibility and feasibility of soil and water conservation policies.

中图分类号: 

图1 19422018年世界耕作侵蚀年发文量
Fig. 1 Annual published papers of tillage erosion in the world from 1942 to 2018
图2 19422018年世界耕作侵蚀研究的空间分布
Fig. 2 Regional distribution of tillage erosion research in the world from 1942 to 2018
图3 世界耕作侵蚀研究区分布图
Fig. 3 Distribution map of the study area of tillage erosion research in the world
图4 影响耕作侵蚀的重要因子
Fig. 4 Influence factors of tillage erosion
表1 使用不同工具耕作产生的耕作侵蚀
Table 1 Tillage erosion caused by different tools
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