我国海洋生态调查指南编制说明

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2007.01.0074

地球科学进展 ›› 2007, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (1): 74 -81. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2007.01.0074

我国海洋生态调查指南编制说明

陈尚 ^1,2,3,4，李瑞香 ^3,4，马艳 ^1,3，王宗灵 ^3,4，朱明远 ^3,4，丁德文 ^1,2,3,4

1.宁波大学生命科学与生物工程学院，浙江宁波 315211；2.应用海洋生物技术教育部重点实验室，浙江宁波 315211；3.国家海洋局第一海洋研究所,山东青岛 266061；4.海洋生态环境科学与工程国家海洋局重点实验室，山东青岛 266061

收稿日期:2006-08-09 修回日期:2006-12-20 出版日期:2007-01-10
通讯作者: 陈尚（1972-），男，贵州盘县人，责任研究员，博士，从事海洋生态研究.E-mail:qdcs@163.com E-mail:qdcs@163.com
基金资助:
科技部基础性工作“《海洋调查规范》修订－《海洋生态调查指南》编制”（编号：2001DEA20025-9）；科技部“863”计划项目“渤海海洋生态环境海空准实时综合监测示范系统”（编号：2002AA634030）；国家海洋局“908”重大专项项目“海洋生态系统服务功能及其价值评估”（编号：908-02-04-03）联合资助.

Explanation for Guidelines for Marine Ecological Survey of China

CHEN Shang ^1,2,3,4, LI Rui-xiang ^3,4, MA Yan ^1,3, Wang Zong-ling ^3,4, ZHU Ming-yuan ^3,4, DING De-wen ^1,2,3,4

1.College of Life Science,Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211,China；2. Key Laboratory for Applied Marine Biological Technology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo 315211,China; 3.First Institute of Oceanography,State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061,China; 4.Key Laboratory for Science and Engineering of Marine Ecology and Environment, State Oceanic Administration,Qingdao 266061,China

Received:2006-08-09 Revised:2006-12-20 Online:2007-01-10 Published:2007-01-10

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海洋生态调查的主要目的是了解海洋生态系统基本的群落结构和生态功能及其重要影响因素,掌握生态系统健康状况，把握其变化趋势。基于生态系统健康理论建立我国海洋生态调查的基本框架体系，编制了我国海洋生态调查指南。根据目前的技术设备、实用方法和经费限制，确定最能反映我国海洋生态系统特征的生态要素和评价内容，并规定了相应的调查和评价方法。与《海洋调查规范海洋生物调查》和《海洋监测规范》比较，该指南具有3个显著特点：①调查要素不仅包括海洋生物和海洋环境等自然要素，还包括人为活动要素，充分考虑我国近海生态系统的高强度开发利用的特点；②从生态系统的结构、功能和压力3个方面建立起海洋生态系统健康评价的核心框架体系；③提出生态压力的量化指标，定量评估人类活动对生态系统的压力。

关键词: 海洋, 生态调查, 生态评价, 健康, 指南, 规范, 导则

Marine ecological survey aims at: ①to understand structure and function of marine ecosystem and to identify their impacting factors, ②to assess health status of marine ecosystem and ③to predict trend of marine ecosystem health. Based on the theory of ecosystem health, the overall framework of marine ecological survey was established and Guidelines for Marine Ecological Survey of China was drafted. The parameters, methods and procedures of ecological survey and assessment were determined in this guidelines with the consideration of currently popular equipment level, applicable and mature methods and budget limitation in China marine ecological survey activities. 
Compared with the “Specifications for Marine Biological Survey of China” and “Specifications for Marine Monitoring of China”, this guidelines has three significant features: ①It covers not only the natural parameters (including marine biological and environmental parameters) but also anthropogenetic parameters which indicate the highly extensive exploitation status in the coastal waters; ②The framework of marine ecological assessment consists of 3 keystones: i.e. structure and function of ecosystem and the ecological stress; ③Four groups of ecological stress indices, i.e. Eutrophication Stress Index, Pollution Stress Index, Maricultural Stress Index, Fishing Stress Index, were developed and applied to assess quantificationally the anthropogenetic stress on marine ecosystem.

Key words: Directive., Marine, Ecological survey, Ecological assessment, Health, Guidelines, Specifications

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