陆面水文过程与大气模式的耦合及其在黑河流域的应用

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2006.12.1283

陆面过程模式对陆面水文过程有比较详尽的描述，然而，目前的陆面水文过程只考虑了垂直方向的水分运移，比较适合平坦地区的模拟，而在地形坡度较大的山区只考虑垂直方向的水分移动是不够的，尤其是目前随着计算机条件提高，分辨率越来越高，地表水以及土壤水的侧向流动成为山区水文过程必须考虑的部分。同时，目前的陆面过程模式中的径流量是作为诊断量处理，不参与运算。针对以上问题，对Noah陆面过程模式进行了改进，增加了地表积水和积水蒸发、坡面汇流方案、次表面流方案，并且将Routing模块通过次网格过程与大气中尺度模式MM5耦合，发展了高分辨率大气—水文耦合模式。运用发展的高分辨率大气—水文耦合模式，对黑河流域中上游2003年6月23~25日降水过程进行了模拟，研究了陆面水循环过程对大气场的影响。结果表明陆面水循环过程对近地层大气影响很大，首先影响了土壤的湿度与蒸发，进而对边界层稳定性，云结构、云水、雨水含量产生影响，对区域降水也有一定影响。

关键词: MM5, 侧向流动, 黑河流域, 陆面水文过程

Hydrological processes are described in detail in modern land surface models. While water move vertically. It is proper to be used in plat zone more than mountainous region, where the water move laterally more than in vertical direction.High-resolution simulation become reality as the compute capability boosts. Lateral routing flow of surface water and subsurface soil water become necessary in land surface simulation in mountainous regions. Meanwhile, runoff is treated as a diagnose variable and does not take part in the water moving. Based on all of these, Noah model coupled with MM5 was enhanced. The evaporation of pond water and re-infiltration were taken into account in the land surface model and the overland routing and subsurface routing parameterization were added into land surface scheme. Routing module is linked with MM5 through the disaggregating/aggregating method. Then, the high-resolution atmosphere-hydrology coupling model suitable for mountainous regions was developed. With this developed atmospheric-hydrologic coupling model used, the rain fall event on June 23-25 , 2003 in Heihe River basin was simulated to study the feedback of land surface water cycle in atmosphere. It is indicated that the atmospheric fields were influenced by land surface water cycle process to large extent. Firstly, the soil moisture and evaporation increased after adding the land surface routing. Secondly, boundary layer stability is weaker. Then, the cloud water and rain water were affected. Precipitation simulation was also affected.

Key words: Lateral routing flow, Land surface hydrology process, MM5, Heihe River Basin.

中图分类号:

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摘要

Coupling of Enhanced Land Surface Hydrology with Atmospheric Mesoscale Model and Its Implement in Heihe River Basin