数字黑河的思考与实践2：数据集成

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2010.03.0306

数据集成是流域集成研究的核心环节，是发展、改进和验证模型的基础。介绍了“数字黑河”数据集成研究的进展：①定义了数据集成;提出数据库集成应具有数据的完整性、可获取性和有效管理3个基本特征;而模型数据集可根据流域集成模型对科学数据的需求，概化为驱动数据、参数集、验证和诊断数据三大类。②进一步丰富和完善了“数字黑河”信息系统;扩展了黑河数据库，较为系统地收集了黑河流域的基础地理数据、各类观测数据、科学试验数据和现有的模型数据集，在线数据量已扩充至1 000 GB，并且广泛共享。③介绍了模型数据集取得的进展及目前存在的问题;发展了制备高分辨率驱动数据的统计和动力降尺度方法;依靠数据融合方法制备了适用于模型的黑河流域土地覆盖图和土壤图。④指出了数据集成所面临的挑战和需要优先完成的迫切任务，核心是以发展流域集成模型为导向，进一步完善“数字黑河”信息系统，并且制备高分辨率和可靠的模型数据集。

关键词: 数字流域, 数据集成, 模型数据集, 黑河流域

Data integration is fundamentally important for the development, modification and verification of integrated watershed models and therefore is a key research topic in the watershed science. This paper provides an overview of data integration in the Digital Heihe River Basin research. First, the data integration is defined, which should have three basic characteristics as data integrity, accessibility and stewardship. The preparation of model data sets, which can be categorized into forcing data, parameter data and validation data from a viewpoint of supporting integrated watershed modeling, is also an important means of data integration. Secondly, it is introduced that the basic geographic data, various kinds of observation data, scientific experiment data, and existing model data sets of the Heihe River Basin have been systematically collected, and a comprehensive webbased information system of the Digital Heihe River Basin has been developed to support data distribution, with over 1000 GB of data available on the Internet for free downloading. Most of the data were archived with metadata and documentation when necessary. Thirdly, the preparation of model data sets in the Heihe River Basin is introduced. The statistical and dynamic methods for atmospheric data downscaling were developed. The new land cover map and soil map suitable for hydrological and ecological modeling were developed by data fusion method. At last, the paper clears the challenges and demands of data integration in the watershed science studies in the Heihe River Basin, and proposes that a more reliable and higher resolution model data sets needs to be developed to support the integrated watershed modeling.

Key words: Digital River Basin, Data integration, Model data sets, Heihe River Basin

中图分类号:

P334

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Digital Heihe River Basin. 2: Data Integration