地球科学进展 ›› 2003, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (1): 50 -057. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2003.01.0050

研究论文 上一篇    下一篇

中国西部干旱区生态环境演变与调控研究进展与展望
潘晓玲 1,2,3,马映军 4,顾峰雪 1,2,3   
  1. 1.新疆大学资源与环境科学学院;2.新疆绿洲生态自治区重点实验室;3.干旱半干旱区可持续发展国际研究中心,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830046;4.新疆资源环境中心,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011
  • 收稿日期:2002-07-03 修回日期:2002-09-23 出版日期:2003-02-10
  • 通讯作者: 潘晓玲 E-mail:xlpan@xju.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家重点基础研究发展规划项目“中国西部干旱区生态环境演变与调控研究”(编号:G19990435)资助.

THE RESEARCH ON ECO-ENVIRONMENTAL EVOLUTION, CONTROL AND ADJUSTMENT FOR THE ARID LAND IN WESTERN CHINA:RESEARCH PROGRESS AND PROSPECT

Pan Xiaoling 1,2,3,Ma Yingjun 4,Gu Fengxue 1,2,3   

  1. 1.College of Resources and Environment Science, Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830046,China;2.Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Urumqi 830046,China;3.International Center for Desert Affairs-Research for Sustainable Development in Arid and Semi-arid Land, Urumqi 830046,China;4.Center of Xinjiang Resource and Environment,Urumqi 830011,China
  • Received:2002-07-03 Revised:2002-09-23 Online:2003-02-10 Published:2003-02-01

国家重点基础研究发展规划项目"中国西部干旱区生态环境演变与调控研究"实施 2年来,在古气候重建和环境变化,绿洲的演变规律与驱动力,绿洲水盐平衡与主要水文过程,绿洲生态系统的结构、生态过程与稳定性,山地、绿洲、荒漠三大生态系统耦合机理,生态景观演变规律及其对气候变化的响应,重大工程行为的生态环境效应,荒漠化成因及时空分布等研究方向和内容上取得了重要进展。在此基础上,项目后 2年的研究重点将继续以绿洲安全机制研究为核心,在时间序列上,重点研究近 2 000年来绿洲的形成演变规律,特别是近百年及近50年来西部干旱区气候变化与绿洲形成演变的关系,定量辨识绿洲发展演化的驱动力;在空间结构上,阐明绿洲格局的动态过程,深入探明山地、绿洲及荒漠生态系统耦合关系、绿洲生态系统稳定性机理与安全、高效、持续发展模式等;结合西部大开发工程建设和产业发展的进程,研究开发重大工程的生态环境效应,建立不同类型的生态建设示范区;配合国家重大工程时段,对西部干旱区生态环境演变趋势进行预测,提出生态系统的调控体系和管理模式,为西部开发和可持续发展服务。

    The National Key Project of Basic Research: The Research on Eco-environmental Evolution, Control and Adjustment for the Arid Land in Western China has been undergone for two years. Some research progresses have been made in everyimportant study field of the project. First, by the analysis of growth ring, lake drill core sample and loess records the high scale of century climate evolution model for arid land has been build, and at the same time climate saltation affairs since Holocene have been analyzed. The research shows that the climate of Last Ice Age is highly unstable in arid land, and this instability of climate isglobal significance. The evolution and development of oasis in arid land are influenced by tectonic movement, climatic oscillation and human disturbance. Humandisturbance is always rapid. According to the results from environmental changestudy of arid land, human disturbance is the dominant factor on the oasis evolution in the decade scale, but climatic oscillation is outstanding in the centuryscale, tectonic movement is obvious in the millennial scale. All facts show that the process of human disturbance is strong. Based on the understanding of influences of climatic oscillation and tectonic movement on the oasis evolution, sustainable development of oasis can be realized by scientifically and rationally aggrandizing the process of human disturbance. In addition, the evolution and development of typical ancient oasis in arid land has been investigated and it provides a foundation for revealing the spatial and temporal dynamics of oasis evolution.
    The oasis stability is the core research content of this project. By the two-year research, some conclusions are as follows. The second salinization inside the oasis and desertification outside are two important factors influencing the stability of oasis in arid land. First, in arid land the inland basin is the unit of salt and water distribution, much irrigation field has been threatened by second land salinization. The spatial and temporal dynamics of water and salt concentration has been investigated, and then it provides a foundation for rational utilization of water resource in whole basin to protect the second salinizaition.Second, by the investigation and theoretical analysis on relationship of local climate and plant physiological ecology the theory of ecotone adjustment has been advanced. Then, in regional scale the relationship of climate and ecosystem dynamic has been analyzed, and it is shown that there is obvious feedback between climate and ecosystem.
    In arid land, mountain, oasis and desert are subsystems coupling one another. Water, soil, heat and all other resources are balance in these subsystems; to protect the balance of these resources is to protect the stability of these three subsystems. 
    We have analyzed the ecological effect of important engineering project and water and land exploitation in arid land; we selected some important and typical project to investigate, such as desert road, speedway, and water derivation, etc. Through investigation to analyze the ecological effect of project on its surroundings and to put forward the measure of ecological rehabilitation. Taking the Tarim Basin as the case study to analyze the formation and spatial and temporal distribution of desertification. By analysis we built the model of desertificationdevelopment according to the soil evolution process. It is also shown that the land desertification is a gradual change process in whole, but in some scale and some moment, desertification puts up break character. For different ecosystems,their evolution processes are also different, and their reversible part of evolution has different size because of the difference of break boundary. By building the break model of desertification, we can prove up the discipline of gradual change and break during the desertification process, and decide the critical boundary of break and their combination variable. By all these we can seek the cut-in spot of adjustment, control and prevention of desertification. Moreover, thedesertification evaluation map has been finished and the desertification evaluation index has been built.
    The principle, methods and scheme of ecological division in arid land have beenfinished. The pattern and dynamics of landscape in arid land have been analyzed according to satellite data, at the same time the influence of front range of Tianshan Mountain on hydro-process of plain range, oasis ecosystem development, climate and vegetation has been analyzed. Using the GCM model to simulate the evolution of ecosystem in arid land under the background of global climate change.By the analysis of ecological environment evolution and development in arid land, the ecological environment information database and decision support system have been designed. According to the research of the ecological environment adjustment and management method, the measure and approach of adjustment and management have been brought forward.
    Beyond these progresses,we will continue to keep the oasis safety mechanism asour research core. At time serial, we will emphasize the rule and power driving the oasis to develop in recent 2000 years,especially the relationship between the climate changes of the western arid land and the oasis development in recent 100 years and recent 50 years; and to identify the drive power of the oasis development quantificationally. At the spatial structure,to clarify the dynamics of the oasis structure and to prove up the coupling mechanisms of mountain, oasisand desert ecosystems and the stability mechanism of oasis ecosystem and the safety protection; to build high efficiency and sustainable development model for oasis ecosystem. Combining with the progress of the engineering project and the industries development, we will research the ecological environment influences of some large projects,to build some different kinds of ecological demonstrationspots. Combining with period of time of some national large engineering projects
,to forecast the evolvement direction of the western arid environment and to put forward the management model and the control system for the ecosystem for the sake of the western exploitation and the sustainable development.

中图分类号: 

[1] Pan Xiaoling,Wang Xuecai,Lei Jiaqiang. Some consideration on evolution and control of ecological environment of arid regions in western China[J]. Advance in Earth Sciences,2001,16(1):24-27. [潘晓玲,王学才,雷加强. 关于中国西部干旱区生态环境演变与调控研究的思考[J]. 地球科学进展,2001,16(1)24-27.]

[2] Gou Xiaohua,Chen Fahu,Wang YaJun,et al. Spring precipitation reconstructed in the east of the Qilian mountain during the last 280a by tree ring width[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2002,23(3):292-296. [勾晓华,陈发虎,王亚军,. 利用树轮宽度重建近280年来祁连山东部地区的春季降水[J]. 冰川冻土,2001,233):292-296.]

[3] Yuan YuJiang,Li Jiangfeng,Hu RuJi,et al. Reconstruction of precipitation in the recent 350a from tree rings in the middleTianshan mountians[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2001,23(1):34-40. [袁玉江,李江风,胡汝骥,. 用树木年轮重建天山中部近350年来的降水量[J]. 冰川冻土,2001,231):34-40.]

[4] Zhang ChengJun,Chen Fahu,Wang Qi,et al. Unstability record of late glacial later period in the Shiyang river basin of arid north western China[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinic,2000,18(4):646-650. [张成君,陈发虎,王琪,. 西北干旱区石羊河流域末次冰期晚期气候不稳定性记录[J].沉积学报,2000,184):646-650.]

[5] Zhang ChengJun,Chen Fahu,Sun Weizhen,et al. The palaeoenvironmental significance of 13Corg in Jiuzhoutai S0 paleosol[A]. In:Chinese Post Doctor Sciences Foundationed. Proceendings of China Postdoctor Academic Conference in 2000[C]. Beijing:Science Press,2000. 36-41. [张成君,陈发虎,孙维贞,. 九州台全新世S0古土壤有机质碳同位素的环境意义[A]. 见:中国博士后科学基金会编2000年中国博士后大会论文集[C]. 北京:科学出版社,2000. 36-41.]

[6] Wang Naiang,Wang Tao,Gao Shunwei,et al. The sand wedge and mirabilite of the last ice age and paleocli matic reconstruction in Hexi corridor,Gansu,Western China[J]. Earth Science Frontiers,2000,7(supp):59-60. [王乃昂,王涛,高顺蔚,. 河西走廊末次冰期芒硝和砂楔与古气候重建[J]. 地学前缘,2000,7(增刊):59-66.]

[7] Ye Wei,Dong Guangrong,Yuan YuJiang. Instability of last ice age climate in Yili,XinJiang[J]. Science Bulletin,2000,45(6):641-646. [叶玮,董光荣,袁玉江. 新疆伊犁地区末次冰期气候的不稳定性[J]. 科学通报,2000,456):641-646.]

[8] Shu Qiang,Zhong Wei,Xiong Heigang,et al. Study on the characters of the geochemical elements and changes of paleoclimate sinceabout 4 000a B. P. in Niya section[J]. Journal of Desert Research,2001,21(1):12-18. [舒强,钟巍,熊黑钢,.南疆尼雅地区4000a来的地化元素分布特征与古气候环境演化的初步研究[J].中国沙漠,2001,21(1)12-18.]

[9] Zhong Wei,Shuqiang,Xiong Heigang. Pollen assemblages of Niya section in southern XinJiang and paleoenvironmental evolution[J]. Geographical research,2001,20(1):91-96. [钟巍,舒强,熊黑钢. 塔里木盆地南缘尼雅剖面的孢粉组合与环境[J]. 地理研究,2001,20(1)91-96.]

[10] Zhong Wei,Shu Qiang. Palaeoclimatic and palaeohydrologic oscillations since about 12.0ka B.P. at Bosten lake,southern XinJiang[J]. Oceanologia Et Limnologia sinica,2001,32(2):213-220. [钟巍,舒强. 南疆博斯腾湖近12.0ka B.P.以来古气候与古水文状况的变化[J]. 海洋与湖沼,2001,32(2)213-220.]

[11] Yan Shun,Mu GuiJin,Xu Yingqin. Quaternary environmental evolution of the Lop Nur region,NW China[J]. Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica,2000,17(2)165-169

[12] Mu GuiJin,Liu Jiaqi. An analysis of the oasis evolution and its control factors[J]. Quaternary Sciences,2000,20(6):539-547. [穆桂金,刘嘉麒. 绿洲演变及其调控因素分析[J]. 第四纪研究,2000,206):539-547.]

[13] Mu GuiJin,Bao Anmin,Hao Jie. Geotectonic environment of the tail-end lakes evolution,XinJiang,China[J]. Arid Land Geography,2001,24(3):193-200. [穆桂金,包安民,郝杰. 新疆主要尾闾湖演变的构造环境[J]. 干旱区地理,2001,243):193-200.]

[14] Yang Faxiang,Mu GuiJin. The formation and evolution of oasis in Kuerle and adJoining area of XinJiang[J]. Arid Land Geography,2001,24(3):223-228. [杨发相,穆桂金. 新疆库尔勒及其毗邻地区绿洲的形成演变[J]. 干旱区地理,2001,243):223-228.]

[15] Ji Fang,Fan Zili. Study on the salt circulation change in Tarim inland basin under the impact of human activities[J]. Arid Zone Research,2000,17(4):33-38. [季方,樊自立. 塔里木盆地盐分循环变化与调控研究[J]. 干旱区研究,2000,174):33-38.]

[16] Ji Fang. Salt-water Dynamics of Oasis Soil and its Management in Tarim Basin[M]. Beijing:Ocean Press,2001. [季方. 塔里木盆地绿洲土壤水盐动态变化与调控[M]. 北京:海洋出版社,2001]

[17] Ji Fang,Ma YingJie,Fan Zili. Utilization of farm land drainage as resources in the Tarim river valley[J]. Rural Eco-Evnironment,2000,16(2):1-4. [季方,马英杰,樊自立. 塔里木河干流农田排水资源化利用研究[J]. 农村生态环境,2000,162):1-4.]

[18] Gu Fengxue,Zhang Yuandong,Pan Xiaoling,et al. Correlation between soil salinization and community diversity: The case of Fukang oasis[J]. Resources Science,2002,24(3):42-48. [顾峰雪,张远东,潘晓玲,. 阜康绿洲土壤盐渍化与植物群落多样性的相关性分析[J]. 资源科学,2002,243):42-48.]

[19] Zhang Yuandong,Pan Xiaoling,Gu Fengxue,et al. Shrub and undershrub niches in vegeation of the Fukang desert[J]. Acta PhytoecologicaSinica,2001,25(6):741-745. [张远东,潘晓玲,顾峰雪,. 阜康荒漠植被灌木与半灌木种群生态位的研究[J]. 植物生态学报,2001,256):741-745.]

[20] Pan Xiaoling,Zhang Yuandong,Chu Yu,et al. Multivariate analysis and environmental interpretation of desert bank forest plant communities in Tarim basin,XinJiang[J]. Acta Bot Boreal-Occident Sin,2001,21(2):247-251.[潘晓玲,张远东,初雨,. 塔里木河流域荒漠河岸林群落的多元分析与环境解释[J].西北植物学报,2001,212):247-251.]

[21] Chang Shunli,Pan Xiaoling,Shi Qingdong,et al. Study on the influence of the local climatical difference on the physiological-ecological characteristics of crops in two typical oases,Fukang,XinJiang[J]. Arid Zone Research,2002,19(1):53-57. [常顺利,潘晓玲,师庆东,. 阜康绿洲局地气候差异对农作物生理生态影响的对比研究[J]. 干旱区研究,2002,191):53-57.]

[22] Pan Xiaoling,Chao Jiping. The effects of climate on development of ecological system in oasis[J]. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,2001,181):42-52.

[23] Pan Xiaoling. Research on stability of oasis-desert ecotone[J]. Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Science),2000,36(supp):1-6. [潘晓玲. 绿洲荒漠过渡带动态稳定性的理论探讨[J]. 兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2000,36(增刊)1-6.]

[24] Chao Jiping,Pan Xiaoling. Development of oasis ecosystem and climate[A]. In:National Natural Science Foundation of China,ed. Review and Prospect of 21 th Atmosphere Science[C]. Beijing:Meteorology Press,2000. 199-203. [巢纪平,潘晓玲. 绿洲生态系统的发展与气候[A]. 见:国家自然科学基金委员会编21世纪初大气科学回顾与展望[C]. 北京:气象出版社,2000,199-203.]

[25] Pan Xiaoling. Research on control of ecosystem in western China arid area[A]. In:Chinese Post-doctor Science Foundation,ed. Paper Collections of Chinese Post-doctor Science Conference[C]. Beijing:Science Press,2001,225-229. [潘晓玲. 中国西部干旱区生态系统调控的理论探讨[A]见:中国博士后科学基金委员会编2000年中国博士后学术大会论文集[C]. 北京:科学出版社,2001,225-229.]

[26] Pan Xiaoling. A preliminary study on the stability of oasis ecosystem in arid area[J]. Quaternary Sciences,2001,21(4):44-50.[潘晓玲.干旱区绿洲生态系统动态稳定性的初步研究[J].第四纪研究,2001,214:44-50.]

[27] Nurbay Abdusalik,Tashpolat Teyip,Kurban Mamut,et al. The research of vegetation programme in Qira oasis[J]. Journal of XinJiang University,2000,17(3):72-77. [努尔巴依·阿不都沙勒克,塔西甫拉提·特衣拜,库尔班·马木提,.策勒绿洲植被生态规划问题的研究[J]. 新疆大学学报(自然科学版),2000,17(3)72-77.]

[28] Wang Ranghui,Fan Zili. Evolution patterns of sandy desertification in the lower reaches of Tarim river basin in recent 5 decades[J]. Journal of Desert Research,2000,20(1):45-50. [王让会,樊自立. 塔里木河下游近50a来沙质荒漠化演变规律[J]. 中国沙漠,2000,20(1)45-50.]

[29] Wang Ranghui,Fan Zili. Fragility of the ecological environment in Tarim river basin[J]. Rural Eco-Environment,2000,16(1):17-20. [王让会,樊自立.塔里木内陆河流域生态环境脆弱性分析[J]. 农村生态环境,2000,16(1)17-20.]

[30] Wang Ranghui,You Xianxiang. Identification of characteristics of informational linkage between organisms in desert ecosystem[J]. Rural Eco-Environment,2000,16(4):7-10. [王让会,游先祥.荒漠生态系统生物的信息联系特征[J]. 农村生态环境,2000,16(4)7-10.]

[31] Wang Ranghui,You Xianxiang. Progress in the study on fragile ecological environment in the west part of arid zone:Taking Tarim river basin as an example[J]. Advance in Earth Sciencs,2001,16(1):39-44. [王让会,游先祥.西部干旱区内陆河流域脆弱生态环境研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展,2001,16(1)39-44.]

[32] Wang Ranghui,Song Yudong,Fan Zili,et al. Comprehensive assessment on environmental quality in vulnerable ecotone of Tarim river basin[J]. Environmental Science,2001,22(2):7-11. [王让会,宋郁东,樊自立,.新疆塔里木河流域生态脆弱带的生态环境质量综合评价[J].环境科学,2001,22(2)7-11.]

[33] Wang Ranghui,Ma YingJun,Peng Ruyan. Information transmission and coupling relation in mountain-oasis-desert system in arid areas in Northwest China[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2001,19(2):100-105. [王让会,马映军,彭茹燕.西北干旱区山地绿洲荒漠系统信息传递耦合关系[J].干旱地区农业研究,2001,19(2)100-105.]

[34] Cheng Weiming,Zhou Chenghu,Tang Qicheng,et al. RS research of landscape distribution characteristics on northern piedmont,Tianshan mountains[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica,2001,56(5):541-548. [程维明,周成虎,汤奇成,. 天山北麓前山带景观分布特征的遥感研究[J]. 地理学报,2001,565):541-548.]

[35] Cheng Weiming,Zhou Chenghu,Tang Qicheng,et al. Effect of foothill belt on hydro-process of plain area in the northern slope of Tianshan mountain[J]. Geograpical Research,2001,20(4):439-445. [程维明,周成虎,汤奇成,. 天山北麓前山带对平原区水文过程的影响[J]. 地理研究,2001,204):439-445.]

[36] Cheng Weiming,Zhou Chenghu,Tang Qicheng. Regional difference research of supply and demand of water resources in West China[J]. Journal of Natural Resources,2001,16(4):348-353. [程维明,周成虎,汤奇成. 我国西部水资源供需关系地区性差异变化研究[J]. 自然资源学报,2001,164):348-353.]

[37] Cheng Weiming,Zhou Chenghu,Li Jianxin. Evolution of Manas lake landscape in XinJiang and its eco-environmental effect[J]. Quaternary Sciencs,2001,21(6):560-565. [程维明,周成虎,李建新. 新疆玛纳斯湖景观演化及其生态环境效应[J]. 第四纪研究,2001,216):560-565.]

[38] Xiong Heigang,Zhong Wei,Tashpolat Tiyip,et al. The coupling relationship between the nature and the man in south edge of Tarim basin[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica,2000,55(2):191-199. [熊黑钢,钟巍,塔西甫拉提,.塔里木盆地南缘自然与人文历史变迁的耦合关系[J]. 地理学报,2000,55(2)191-199.]

[39] Hamid Yimit,Tashpolat Tiyip,Xiong Heigang. Analysis on annual variation and seasonal change of runoff from water resources utilization in the interior rivers:The case of Tarim river[J]. Geographical Research,2000,19(3):271-276. [海米提·依米提,塔西甫拉提·特依拜,熊黑钢. 内流河流域水资源利用对径流年际年内变化影响分析[J]. 地理研究,2000,19(3)271-276.]

 

[1] 魏梦美,符素华,刘宝元. 青藏高原水力侵蚀定量研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(7): 740-752.
[2] 范小杉. 国际社会对生态系统服务研究误区的研讨综述[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(6): 616-624.
[3] 范成新, 刘敏, 王圣瑞, 方红卫, 夏星辉, 曹文志, 丁士明, 侯立军, 王沛芳, 陈敬安, 游静, 王菊英, 盛彦清, 朱伟. 20年来我国沉积物环境与污染控制研究进展与展望[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(4): 346-374.
[4] 吴佳梅,彭秋志,黄义忠,黄亮. 中国植被覆盖变化研究遥感数据源及研究区域时空热度分析[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(9): 978-989.
[5] 李侠祥, 刘昌新, 王芳, 郝志新. 中国投资对“一带一路”地区经济增长和碳排放强度的影响[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(6): 618-631.
[6] 刘凯,聂格格,张森. 中国 19512018年气温和降水的时空演变特征研究[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(11): 1113-1126.
[7] 谢彦君, 任福民, 李国平, 王铭杨, 杨慧. 影响中国双台风活动气候特征研究[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(1): 101-108.
[8] 郝志新,吴茂炜,张学珍,刘洋,郑景云. 过去千年中国年代和百年尺度冷暖阶段的干湿格局变化研究[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(1): 18-25.
[9] 蒋诗威,周鑫. 中国东南地区中世纪暖期和小冰期夏季风降水研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2019, 34(7): 697-705.
[10] 高峰,赵雪雁,宋晓谕,王宝,王鹏龙,牛艺博,王伟军,黄春林. 面向 SDGs的美丽中国内涵与评价指标体系[J]. 地球科学进展, 2019, 34(3): 295-305.
[11] 张宸嘉, 方一平, 陈秀娟. 基于文献计量的国内可持续生计研究进展分析[J]. 地球科学进展, 2018, 33(9): 969-982.
[12] 陈亮, 段建平, 马柱国. 大气环流形势客观分型及其与中国降水的联系[J]. 地球科学进展, 2018, 33(4): 396-403.
[13] 王建, 车涛, 李震, 李弘毅, 郝晓华, 郑照军, 肖鹏峰, 李晓峰, 黄晓东, 钟歆玥, 戴礼云, 李红星, 柯长青, 李兰海. 中国积雪特性及分布调查[J]. 地球科学进展, 2018, 33(1): 12-15.
[14] 李强, 蒲俊兵, 黄妮, 杜红梅, 祁向坤, 王力, 杨慧. 断陷盆地生态环境地质分异及石漠化演变机理的研究途径[J]. 地球科学进展, 2017, 32(9): 899-907.
[15] 吴绍洪, 高江波, 戴尔阜, 赵东升, 尹云鹤, 杨琳, 郑景云, 潘韬, 杨勤业. 中国陆地表层自然地域系统动态研究:思路与方案[J]. 地球科学进展, 2017, 32(6): 569-576.
阅读次数
全文


摘要