华北燕山地区中新元古代沉积记录及其古气候、古环境特征

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2001.06.0777

大量研究表明大约1.0～0.8GaBP时期，全球形成统一的Rodinia超大陆，当时华北地块处于中低纬度地区，与劳伦及西伯利亚地块相连。燕山地区的中上元古界是以大套碳酸盐建造为主的结晶基底之上的第一盖层沉积。元古代地球大气-海洋系统发生了O₂增多、CO₂减少的古全球变化，1.85GaBP开始由还原性转变为氧化性，随着条带状硅铁沉积在全球的终止，出现广泛的红土堆积。甾烷、藿烷及类异戊二烯等生物标志物在前寒武纪沉积中的大量检出，表明早在古元古代地球上就可能已经有真核生物、真菌及光合细菌存在。近年来燕山中元古界长城系、蓟县系发现大量地球早期生物化石，包括真核藻类、多细胞藻类、颗石藻、藻叠层石及后生动物遗迹等，对探讨各种生命形式的起源与演化、恢复古环境与古气候变化过程都具有重要的意义。

关键词: 古气候, 古环境, 华北, 中新元古代

The Proterozoic is one of critical periods. Environment of the Earth's surface tended to stabilization by degrees in the period. Various forms of living beings in the Earth began to occur and develop. A lot of studies indicated that the Rodinia supercontinent had been formed in the whole Earth at 1.0~0.8 Ga BP. Then North China located in middle or low latitude region connected with Laurentia Platform and Siberia Platform. The Mesoproterozoic and the Neoproterozoic in Yanshan area were deposited during the Yanshan-Liaohe Tectonic Cycle (1.8~0.85 Ga BP), and the aulacogen underwent an evolution from initiation through development to consumption in Changchen period, Jixian period and Qinbeikou period respectively. The first cover upper the platform crystalline basement was formed mainly by the thick carbonate formation. A series of palaeoenvironment variance took place on the Earth in the Proterozoic, such as O₂level increased and CO₂level reduced of the atmosphere-ocean system, and it began to turn into oxidation from reduction 1.85 Ga BP ago. Wide-ranging red earth pile occurred with the ceasing of the banded silica-iron formations in the Earth's history. A large number of steranes, hopanes and isoprenoid were identified from the Precambrian samples. Those show that eucaryotes, eubacteria and photoautrophs on the Earth might have appeared in the Palaeoproterozoic time. A lot of organisms fossils of early stage of the Earth were found from the Mesoproterozoic Changchen system and Jixian system in Yanshan area. They include eucaryotic algae, multicellular algae, coccolith, algal stromatolite, metazoan trace fossil and so on. Especially the large-scale unicellular algae and macroscopic multicellular algae fossils found from Changzhougou Formation, Chuanlinggou Formation and Tuanshanzi Formation (1.8~1.6 Ga BP) of Changchen system. Those discoveries are of important significance to explore the origin and evolution of different kinds of living things and recover palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironment.

Key words: Palaeoclimate, North China, The Mesoproterozoic and the Neoproterozoic, Palaeoenvironment

中图分类号:

[1] Li Z X, Zhang L, Powell C Mc A. South China in Rodinia: part of the missing link between Australia-East Antarctica and Laurentia? [J]. Geology, 1995, 23(5): 407-410.
[2] Li Z X, Zhang L, Powell C Mc A. Positions of the East Asian cratons in the Neoproterozoic supercontinent Rodinia [J]. Australian Journal of Earth Science,1996, 43: 593-604.
[3] Zhang Shihong. A study of restructed of the global palaeocontinent of the Middle-Upper Proterozoic[J]. Geoscience, 1999, 13(2): 222-223.[张世红. 中新元古代全球古大陆再造的古地磁研究[J]. 现代地质, 1999, 13(2)：222-223. ]
[4] Lu Songnian, Li huaiken, Yu Haifeng, et al. Great geologic event and chronologic frame of new orogenic of the Neoproterozoic in the Middle China[J]. Geoscience, 1999, 13(2): 223-224.[陆松年, 李怀坤, 于海峰, 等. 中国中部年轻造山带内的新元古代重大地质事件及年代框架[J]. 现代地质,1999,13(2)：223-224. ]
[5] Hong Zuoming. Crustal movements and structures on the Northern Margin of North China Platform in the Middle to Late Proterozoic Period[J]. Geology of Chemical Minerals,1994, 16(3):145-154.[洪作民. 华北地台北缘中晚元古代地壳运动与地壳构造[J]. 化工地质,1994,16(3)：145-153.]
[6] Cao Ruiji. Discussion on some problems in the Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic stratigraphical study in China[J]. Journal of Stratigraphy,2000, 24(1): 1-7.[曹瑞骥. 我国中新元古代地层研究中若干问题的探讨[J]. 地层学杂志,2000,24(1)：1-7.]
[7] Chen Jinbiao, Zhang Huiming, Zhu Shixing, et al. Study of the Sinian in Jixian area[A]. The Sinian of China[C]. Tianjing: Science and Technology Press, 1980.56-111. [陈晋镳, 张惠民, 朱士兴, 等. 蓟县震旦亚界的研究 [A]. 见：中国震旦亚界[C].天津：天津科学技术出版社,1980.56-111.]
[8] Nikishin A M, Lobkovsky L I. Global evolution of the Earth[J]. Wang Liaoliang trans. World Geology, 1993, 12(1): 6.[Nikishin A M, Lobkovsky L I. 地球的全球演化：可能模型.王嘹亮译.[J]. 世界地质,1993,12(1)：6.]
[9] Wen Xiande. Lithofacies-palaeogeography and their evolution of the middle-upper Proterozoic in North China[J]. Journal of the University of Petroleum, China (Edition of Natural Science),1989, 13(2): 13-21.[温献德. 华北北部中晚元古代岩相古地理及其演化[J]. 石油大学学报(自然科学版) , 1989,13(2)：13-21. ]
[10]   Song Tianrui, He Zhenjun, Ding Xiaozhong, et al. A study of geological event record in the Proterozoic Chuanlinggou Formation of the Ming Tombs District,Beijing[J]. Geological Review. 2000, 46(4): 400-406.[宋天锐,和政军,丁孝忠, 等. 北京十三陵中元古代串岭沟期地质事件的探索 [J]. 地质论评,2000,46(4)：400-406. ]
[11] Zhao Zhen. Characteristics of Proterozoic carbonate rocks in Jixian by means of the oxygen and carbon isotope composition[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1995, 13(3): 46-53.[赵震. 从氧、碳同位素组成看蓟县元古宙碳酸盐岩特征[J]. 沉积学报,1995,13(3)：46-53. ]
[12] Condie K C. Plate Tectonics and Crustal Evolution[M]. Zhang wenhua, Li Jiliang trans. Beijing: Science Press,1986.260-296.[K.C.康迪著. 板块构造与地壳演化[M]. 张雯华,李继亮译. 北京：科学出版社,1986.260-296. ]
[13] Heinrich D H. Main direction of atmospheric evolution of the Precambrian[J]. Zeng Zhigang trans. World Geology, 1993, 12(1): 4-5. [Heinrich D H. 前寒武纪大气演化的主要方向[J].曾志刚译. 世界地质,1993,12(1)：4-5. ]
[14] Li Weiyuan. The past global environment and changes in relationship with the unperiodic rhythmic deposition and the cease from forming Precambrian banded iron formations[J]. Earth Science Frontiers. 1997, 4(1-2):101-114.[李伟源. 古全球变化与非等时韵律沉积及前寒武纪条带状铁矿建造形成与终止[J]. 地学前缘,1997,4(1～2)：101-114. ]
[15] Yao Peihui, Li Zhangda. On the metallogenic generation and material sources of iron deposits of China[A]. Wang Yuantian, et al. Collected Works of International Interchanges of Geology 4[C]. Beijing: Geology Press,1985. 289-297.[姚培慧,李章大. 中国铁矿床的成矿世代及其物质来源 [A]. 见王元田,等著.国际交流地质学术论文集 4[C]. 北京：地质出版社,1985.289-297. ]
[16] Cheng Yuqi, Xu Huifen. Certain characteristics of the Precambrian mineralogenesis in China[A]. In: Wang Yuantian, et al. Collected Works of International Interchanges of Geology 4[C]. Beijing: Geology Press,1985.311-319.[程裕淇,徐惠芬. 前寒武纪矿床及成矿的某些特征的探讨 [A]. 见王元田,等著.国际交流地质学术论文集 4[C]. 北京：地质出版社,1985.311-319. ]
[17] Des Marais D J, Strauss H, Summons R E, et al. Carbon isotope evidence for the stepwise oxidation of the Proterozoic environment[J]. Nature, 1992,359:605-609.
[18] Des Marais D J. Isotopic evolution of the biogeochemical carbon cycle during the Proterozoic Eon[J]. Organic Chemistry,1997, 27: 185 -193.
[19] Knoll A H, Hayes J M, Kaufman A J, et al. Secular variation in carbon isotope ratios from upper Proterozoic successions of Svalbard and east Greenland[J]. Nature,1986,321:832-838.
[20] Summons R E,Powell T G, Boreham C J. Petroleum geology and geochemistry of the middle Proterozoic McArthur basin, Northern Australia Ⅲ: Composition of extractable hydrocarbons[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1988,52:1 747-1 763.
[21] Pratt L M,Summons R E,Hieshima G B. Sterane and triterpane biomarkers in the Precambrian Nonesuch formation, North American mid-continent Rift [J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1991,55:911-916.
[22] Shi Jiyang, Xiang Mingju, Xu Shiping. Biomarkers and evolution of life in Precambrian [J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2000, 18(4): 634-638.[史继扬,向明菊,徐世平. 前寒武纪地层中的生物标志物与生命演化[J]. 沉积学报,2000,18(4):634-638.]
[23] Peng P A, Sheng G Y, Fu J M, et al. Biological markers in 1.7 billion year old rock from the Tuanshanzi Formation, Jixian strata section, North China [J]. Organic Geochemistry,1998,29:1 321-1 329.
[24] Wu Qingyu, Liu Zhili, Sheng Guoying, et al. Biomarker originated from Precambrian algae [A]. In: Institute of Geochemistry Academia Sinica.Annual Research Reports of Organic Geochemistry Laboratory 1986 [C]. Guiyang: Guizhou People's Publishing House, 1986.111-121.[吴庆余,刘志礼,盛国英, 等. 前寒武纪富藻燧石层中的生物标志化合物[A]. 见：中国科学院地球化学研究所有机地球化学开放实验室研究年报(生物标志物和干酪根)[C]. 贵阳：贵州人民出版社,1986.111-121. ]
[25] Wang T G, Simonei B R T. Tricycle terpanes in Precambrian bituminous sandstone from the eastern Yanshan region, North China [J]. Chemical   Geology,1995,120:155-170.
[26] Li Chao, Pen Pingan, Sheng Guoying, et al. The progress of studies of the organic matter from the Precambrian [J]. Chinese Science Bullletin.1999, 44(21): 2 251-2 261.[李超,彭平安,盛国英, 等. 前寒武纪有机质研究进展[J].科学通报,1999,44(21)：2 251-2 261 .]
[27] Bazhennova O K, Arefiev O A. Geochemical peculiarities of Pre-cambrain source rocks in the East European platform [J]. Organic Geochimistry,1996,25:341-351.
[28] Liu Zhili. A discuss about the evidence of eucaryotic algae fossils from the Precambrian [A]. In: Fossil Algae Committee, Palaeontological Society of China. The Collected Works of Fiorst Nationwide Congress of Fossil Phycology[C]. Beijing: Geology Press, 1985.187-194.[刘志礼. 关于前寒武纪真核藻类化石证据的讨论[A]. 见：中国古生物学会化石藻类专业委员会编. 第一届全国化石藻类学术会议论文集[C].北京：地质出版社,1985.187-194. ]
[29] Luo Qiling. Sun Shufen. Eucaryote fossils from bottom of the Changcheng System in Yanshan Area [J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 1985, 59(1)：12-16.[罗其玲,孙淑芬. 燕山地区长城系底部的真核生物化石[J]. 地质学报,1985, 59(1)：12-16. ]
[30] Sun Shufen. Micropalaeobotany from the lower Changcheng series in Kuancheng, Hebei [J]. Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1989,(1)：235-243.[孙淑芬.河北宽城长城系下统微古植物群[J]. 地质科学,1989,(1)：235-243. ]
[31] Yan Yuzhong. Micropalaeobotany in shale facies from the Changzhougou Formation in Pangjiabu, Hebei [J]. Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica, 1991,8(2):183-195.[闫玉忠. 河北宠家堡常州沟组页岩相微古植物[J].微体古生物学报,1991,8(2):183-195. ]
[32] Hofmann H J, Chen Jinbiao. Carbonaceous megafossils from the Precambrian (1 800 Ma) near Jixian,northern China[J].Canadian Journal of Earth Science,18(3):443-447.
[33] Zhu Shixing, Sun Shufen. New progress of sduty on the great events of life evolution in the Precambrian [A]. Geologic Society of China ed. Paper Collection of Academic Interchange Congress of Great Achievements on Geologic Science and Technology during 1990-1995[C]. Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press, 1996.3-6.[朱士兴,孙淑芬. 前寒武纪生命演化重大事件研究的新进展[A]. 见：中国地质学会编.“八五”地质科技重要成果学术交流会议论文选集[C].北京：冶金工业出版社,1996.3-6. ][34] Sun Shufen, Zhu Shixing. New discovery of micropalaeobotany from the Doucun Subgroup of the Hutuo Group (~2.4Ga) in Wutaishan, China [J]. Acta   Micropalaeontologica Sinica, 1998,15(3)：286～294.[孙淑芬,朱士兴. 中国五台山滹沱群豆村亚群(约24亿年)微体古生物新发现[J]. 微体古生物学报,1998,15(3)：286-294. ]
[35] Zhu Shixing, Chen Huineng. The discovery and its significance of macroscopic fossils from the Tuanshanzi Formation of the Changcheng Group in Jixian, North China [J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 1995,40(12)：1 122-1 125.[朱士兴,陈辉能. 华北蓟县长城群团山子组叶状宏观化石的发现和意义[J]. 科学通报,1995,40(12)：1 122～1 125. ]
[36] Zhu Shixing, Chen Huineng. Megascopic multicellular organisms from the 1700 million year-old Tuanshanzi formation in the Jixian area, North China[J].Science,1995,270:620～623.
[37] Zhu Shixing, Sun Shufen, Huang Xueguang, et al. Discoveries of macroscopic fossils and multicellular organizations from the Changzhougou Formation (1800 Ma) in Yanshan Area[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 1999,44(4)：1 552-1 557.[朱士兴,孙淑芬,黄学光,等. 燕山常州沟组(约1800Ma)碳质压型化石及其多细胞组织的发现[J].科学通报,1999,44(4)：1 552-1 557. ]
[38] Sun Shufen, Zhu Shixing. Palaeoproterozoic eucaryotic fossils from North China [J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2000,74(2):116-122.[孙淑芬,朱士兴. 华北地区古元古代真核生物化石[J].地质学报,2000,74(2)：116-122.]
[39] Zhu Shixing. New progress of studies on the Precambrian biostratigraphy of China [J]. Geoscience, 1999,13(2)：206-207.[朱士兴. 中国前寒武纪生物地层学研究的新进展[J]. 现代地质,1999,13(2)：206-207.]
[40] Hou Kui, Chen Zhendong, Chen Yancheng. Coccolith, oceans and the environment [J]. Geology of Chemical Minerals, 1999, 21(1): 31-39.[侯奎,陈镇东,陈延成.颗石藻与海洋环境关系之探讨[J].化工矿产地质,1999,21(1)：31-39. ]
[41] Liu Zhili. Fossil Phycology [M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 1990. 35-160.[刘志礼. 化石藻类学导论[M]. 北京：高等教育出版社,1990. 35-160.]
[42] Zhao Chenglin. Characteristic of petrology and sedimentary facies of The Sinian strata in west Yanshan Area [A]. In: Collection of Sediment-Geology of Zhao Chenglin [C]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 2000.60-191.[赵澄林. 燕山西段震旦亚界地层岩石学特征及沉积相[A].见：赵澄林沉积—储层地质文集[C]. 北京：石油工业出版社,2000.60-191.]
[43] Zhao Chenglin. Phase analysis and sedimental character of the Gaoyuzhuang-Wumishan formations in middle-North Taihang moutain [A]. In: Collection of Sediment-Geology of Zhao Chenglin [C]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 2000.60-159.[赵澄林. 太行山中北段高于庄组—雾迷山组的沉积特征及其相分析[A]. 见：赵澄林沉积—O₂储层地质文集[C].北京：石油工业出版社,2000,60-159.]
[44] Song Tianrui, Gao Jian. Are these the oldest   trace fossils in China? [J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 1985,(12)：925-928.[宋天锐, 高健. 这些是中国发现的最古老的痕迹化石吗? [J]. 科学通报,1985,(12)：925-928. ]
[45]   Seilacher A, Bose P K, Pluqer F. Triploblastic animals more than billion years age: Trace fossil evidence from India [J]. Science, 1998,282:80-83.
[46]   Li Yong, Ding Lianfang, Qian Zhuangzhi. Neoproterozoic biologic diversity and nomenclature of the Terminal Proterozoic System [J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 2000, 19(4):45-49.[李勇, 丁莲芳, 钱状志. 新元古代生物多样性及上元古界的命名[J]. 地质科技情报,2000,19(4)：45-49.]

[1]	杨军怀,夏敦胜,高福元,王树源,陈梓炫,贾佳,杨胜利,凌智永. 雅鲁藏布江流域风成沉积研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(8): 863-877.
[2]	田少华,肖国桥,杨欢. GDGTs在黄土古环境重建中的研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(5): 465-477.
[3]	萧凌波. 1736— 1911年华北饥荒的时空分布及其与气候、灾害、收成的关系[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(5): 478-487.
[4]	武雪超, 郝青振, Marković Slobodan B, 付玉, 娜米尔, 宋扬, 郭正堂. 多瑙河黄土与古环境研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(4): 363-377.
[5]	陈立雷,李凤,刘健. 海洋沉积物中 GDGTs和长链二醇的古气候—环境指示意义研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2019, 34(8): 855-867.
[6]	王坚红,张萌,任淑媛,王兴,苗春生. 太行山脉地形坡度对下山锋面气旋暴雨影响模拟研究[J]. 地球科学进展, 2019, 34(7): 717-730.
[7]	刘洋,王文龙,滕学建,郭硕,滕飞,何鹏,田健,段霄龙. 内蒙古狼山地区早二叠世晚期花岗闪长岩：地球化学、年代学、 Hf同位素特征及其地质意义[J]. 地球科学进展, 2019, 34(4): 366-381.
[8]	王鑫,张金辉,贾佳,王蜜,王强,陈建徽,王飞,李再军,陈发虎. 中亚干旱区第四系黄土和干旱环境研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2019, 34(1): 34-47.
[9]	王宇航, 朱园园, 黄建东, 宋虎跃, 杜勇, 李哲. 海相碳酸盐岩稀土元素在古环境研究中的应用[J]. 地球科学进展, 2018, 33(9): 922-932.
[10]	宗秀兰, 宋友桂, 李越. 蚯蚓方解石颗粒——一种新的古气候信息记录载体[J]. 地球科学进展, 2018, 33(9): 983-993.
[11]	王兆夺, 黄春长, 周亚利, 庞奖励, 查小春. 关中东部全新世黄土—古土壤序列粒度组分变化特征及古气候意义[J]. 地球科学进展, 2018, 33(3): 293-304.
[12]	王龙, KhalidLatif, MuhammadRiaz, 刘晓晔. 微生物碳酸盐岩的成因、分类以及问题与展望——来自华北地台寒武系微生物碳酸盐岩研究的启示[J]. 地球科学进展, 2018, 33(10): 1005-1023.
[13]	刘江艳, 张昌民, 尹太举, 朱锐, 侯国伟. 涌潮沉积研究现状及进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2018, 33(1): 66-74.
[14]	李兴文, 张鹏, 强小科, 敖红. 三门峡会兴沟剖面黄土—古土壤序列的岩石磁学研究[J]. 地球科学进展, 2017, 32(5): 513-523.
[15]	王瑞, 余克服, 王英辉, 边立曾. 珊瑚礁的成岩作用[J]. 地球科学进展, 2017, 32(3): 221-233.

阅读次数

全文

摘要

SEDIMENTAL RECORDS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF PALAEOCLIMATE AND PALAEOENVIRONMENT IN THE YANSHAN AREA，NORTH CHINA IN THE MESOPROT EROZOIC AND THE NEOPROTEROZOIC