泸沽湖水体垂直断面季节性分层

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2016.08.0858.

地球科学进展 ›› 2016, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (8): 858 -869. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2016.08.0858.

泸沽湖水体垂直断面季节性分层

文新宇(

), 张虎才 ^*(

), 常凤琴, 李华勇, 段立曾, 吴汉, 毕荣鑫, 路志明, 张扬, 欧阳椿陶

云南师范大学旅游与地理科学学院,高原湖泊生态与全球变化实验室, 云南省地理过程与环境变化重点实验室,云南昆明 650500

收稿日期:2016-06-24 修回日期:2016-07-30 出版日期:2016-08-20
通讯作者: 张虎才 E-mail:xywen0801@163.com;515075638@qq.com
基金资助:
云南省领军人才项目“云贵高原湖泊演化与水安全”(编号:2015HA024);云南省高端人才引进项目“云南(云贵高原)湖泊记录与生态环境及可持续发展研究”(编号:2010CI111)资助

Seasonal Stratification Characteristics of Vertical Profiles of Water Body in Lake Lugu

Xinyu Wen( ), Hucai Zhang ^*( ), Fengqin Chang, Huayong Li, Lizeng Duan, Han Wu, Rongxin Bi, Zhiming Lu, Yang Zhang, Chuntao Ouyang

Key Laboratory of Plateau Lake Ecology & Global Change, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographical Process and Environmental Change on the Plateau, College of Tourism and Geography Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China

Received:2016-06-24 Revised:2016-07-30 Online:2016-08-20 Published:2016-08-20
Contact: Hucai Zhang E-mail:xywen0801@163.com;515075638@qq.com
Supported by:
Project supported by the Yunnan Provincial Government Leading Scientist Program “Lake evolution and water security in Yunnan Plateau” (No.2015HA02);The Yunnan Provincial Government Senior Talent Program “The lake records and ecological environments in Yunnan and water security” (No.2010CI111)

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通过2015年1月、4月、7月、10月水温、电导率、溶解氧、pH及叶绿素a监测数据对水体温度的季节动态及其垂直分层结构进行分析,探讨了泸沽湖水体水化学性质的季节性分层特征。结果表明:泸沽湖水体在春、夏、秋季出现明显的热力分层现象,冬季水温在垂向上接近同温状态,夏季温跃层位于10~25 m水深处,而秋季温跃层下移至20~30 m处。均温层水温维持在9.5~10 ℃与泸沽湖年均温一致,说明均温层水体稳定且处于相对恒温状态,是湖区年均温的反映。热力分层结构对电导率、溶解氧、pH及叶绿素a变化有一定影响,致使水体电导率、溶解氧、pH出现明显的分层现象,尤其在夏季,气温升高,热力分层现象显著,溶解氧和pH在温跃层内出现峰值,自峰值处向上、向下均呈递减趋势,均温层处于缺氧状态且pH值较小。虽然叶绿素a在温跃层以下维持较低水平,整体不高,但在表层有突然增高的现象,应予以高度警示,防止泸沽湖出现大面积藻类繁殖甚至局部性爆发。电导率垂向上呈递减变化,在温跃层内降低幅度较大。泸沽湖水体盐度基本保持恒定(约0.10‰),在不考虑盐度效应的情况下,无论是在垂直断面上还是在变温层、温跃层及均温层中,电导率与水温之间存在一简单线性函数关系,证明泸沽湖仍受自然气候影响,保持自然水体状态。

关键词: 泸沽湖, 热力分层, 溶解氧, 电导率, pH值

For the purpose of exploring seasonal stratification characteristics of water hydrochemistry, the seasonal dynamics and vertical thermal stratification of water temperature in Lake Lugu, the vertical profiles of water temperature (Temp), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), pH and Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) of Lake Lugu were monitored in January, April, July and October 2015, respectively. The results indicated that water body of Lake Lugu appeared thermal stratification in spring, summer and autumn, however, in winter, the water temperature in vertical direction was homogeneous. The thermocline was located between 10 and 25 m, nevertheless, it moved down to range from 20 to 30 m in autumn. In addition, water temperature in hypolimnion was maintained almost as a constant and consistent with annual temperature, indicating water body was stable all along. The results showed that the thermal stratification had some influences on vertical distributions of DO, EC, pH and Chl-a. The significant stratification of DO, EC and pH was found, especially in summer, DO and pH values in thermocline peaked due to greatly stable thermal stratification and temperature increase. In hypolimnion, DO concentration and pH value were very small. Moreover, Chl-a concentration was higher in the surface and lower in the bottom water, implying that human should be highly alter to prevent the emergence of a large area of algae in Lake Lugu. EC took on decreasing variation, besides, lower in the thermocline. While,Lugu Lake water salinity was lower and substantially constant (~ 0.10‰), without considering the effects of salinity, both in vertical sections and in epilimnion, thermocline and hypolimnion, there all existed a simple linear function of the relationship between EC andwater temperature, showing that Lugu Lake was affected by natural climate and keeps natural state.

Key words: Lake Lugu, Thermal stratification, DO, EC, pH.

中图分类号:

P343.3

图1 泸沽湖监测(采样)点分布

Fig.1 Distribution of monitoring and sampling sites in Lake Lugu

图2 泸沽湖水温垂直断面季节变化

Fig.2 Seasonal variations of vertical water temperature section in Lake Lugu

图3 泸沽湖电导率垂直分布季节变化

Fig.3 Seasonal variations of vertical electrical conductivity in Lake Lugu

图4 泸沽湖溶解氧垂直断面变化

Fig.4 Seasonal variations of vertical DO section in Lake Lugu

图5 泸沽湖pH垂直断面变化

Fig.5 Seasonal variations of vertical pH section in Lake Lugu

图6 泸沽湖叶Chl-a垂直断面变化

Fig.6 Seasonal variations of vertical Chl-a section in Lake Lugu

表1 电导率与水温之间的关系

Table 1 The relationship between electrical conductivity and water temperature

采样点	2015-01-26		2015-04-22
采样点	方程	相关系数		方程	相关系数
A	C=-0.015T+0.289	-0.981^**	F	C=0.004T+0.121	0.999^**
B	C=-0.004T+0.184	-0.464^**	G	C=0.004T+0.122	0.997^**
C	C=-0.004T+0.187	-0.312^*	H	C=0.004T+0.121	0.996^**
D	C=0.004T+0.103	0.346^*	I	C=0.004T+0.122	0.999^**
E	C=0.004T+0.096	0.912^**
采样点	2015-07-14		2015-10-24
采样点	方程	相关系数		方程	相关系数
J	C=0.004T+0.122	0.997^**	M	C=0.003T+0.143	0.989^**
K	C=0.004T+0.121	0.999^**	N	C=0.003T+0.144	0.988^**
L	C=0.004T+0.122	0.999^**	O	C=0.003T+0.146	0.984^**
R	C=0.004T+0.121	0.999^**

表1 电导率与水温之间的关系

Table 1 The relationship between electrical conductivity and water temperature

采样点	2015-01-26		2015-04-22
采样点	方程	相关系数		方程	相关系数
A	C=-0.015T+0.289	-0.981^**	F	C=0.004T+0.121	0.999^**
B	C=-0.004T+0.184	-0.464^**	G	C=0.004T+0.122	0.997^**
C	C=-0.004T+0.187	-0.312^*	H	C=0.004T+0.121	0.996^**
D	C=0.004T+0.103	0.346^*	I	C=0.004T+0.122	0.999^**
E	C=0.004T+0.096	0.912^**
采样点	2015-07-14		2015-10-24
采样点	方程	相关系数		方程	相关系数
J	C=0.004T+0.122	0.997^**	M	C=0.003T+0.143	0.989^**
K	C=0.004T+0.121	0.999^**	N	C=0.003T+0.144	0.988^**
L	C=0.004T+0.122	0.999^**	O	C=0.003T+0.146	0.984^**
R	C=0.004T+0.121	0.999^**

表2 变温层、温跃层和均温层的电导率与温度之间的函数关系

Table 2 The functional relationship of epilimnion,thermocline and hypolimnion between electrical conductivity and water temperature

	方程	相关系数
变温层	C=0.0065T+0.079	0.964^**
温跃层	C=0.0082T+0.063	0.900^**
均温层	C=0.0334T-0.176	0.628^*

表2 变温层、温跃层和均温层的电导率与温度之间的函数关系

Table 2 The functional relationship of epilimnion,thermocline and hypolimnion between electrical conductivity and water temperature

	方程	相关系数
变温层	C=0.0065T+0.079	0.964^**
温跃层	C=0.0082T+0.063	0.900^**
均温层	C=0.0334T-0.176	0.628^*

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