地球科学进展 ›› 2016, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (7): 737 -750. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2016.07.0737.

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豫西荥阳陆相二叠纪—三叠纪之交的微生物成因构造(MISS)及其地质意义
郑伟 1( ), 齐永安 1,,A; *( ), 张忠慧 2, 邢智峰 1   
  1. 1.河南理工大学 资源环境学院,河南省生物遗迹与成矿过程重点实验室,河南 焦作 454003
    2.河南省山水地质旅游资源开发有限公司,河南 郑州 450008
  • 收稿日期:2016-05-02 修回日期:2016-06-28 出版日期:2016-07-20
  • 通讯作者: 齐永安 E-mail:zhengw99@hpu.edu.cn;qiya@hpu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“豫西寒武纪微生物成因构造与后生动物扰动构造的耦合关系”(编号:41472083)和“豫西寒武纪叠层石形态变化与微生物席底质变迁的环境与资源意义”(编号:41202071)资助

Characteristic and Geological Significance of Microbially Induced Sedimentary Structures(MISS) in Terrestrial P-T Boundary in Xingyang, Western He’nan Province

Wei Zheng 1( ), Yongan Qi 1, *( ), Zhonghui Zhang 2, Zhifeng Xing 1   

  1. 1.Institute of Resource and Environment, Key Laboratory of Biogenic Traces & Sedimentary Minerals of He’nan Province, He’nan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
    2.He’nan Shanshui Geological Tourism Resources Development Co., Ltd, Zhengzhou 450008, China
  • Received:2016-05-02 Revised:2016-06-28 Online:2016-07-20 Published:2016-07-10
  • Contact: Yongan Qi E-mail:zhengw99@hpu.edu.cn;qiya@hpu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Foundation item:Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China “Coupling relationship microbially induced sedimentary structures and metazoa bioturbation structure in Cambrian,western He’nan Province”(No.41472083)and “Change of stromatolite bed and microbial mat from earliest Cambrian to late Cambrian in western He’nan and it environment and resource significance” (No.41202071)

微生物成因构造(MISS)是微生物活动及其生物地质作用的沉积记录,为人们认识早期地球生物以及微生物活动提供了依据。微生物成因构造在前寒武纪以及显生宙地质危机期海相地层中分布较广,而在陆相地层中则报道较少。在豫西荥阳地区二叠纪—三叠纪之交的陆相地层孙家沟组和刘家沟组中,发现了较为丰富的三大类微生物成因构造(生长构造、破坏构造和腐烂构造),可详分为瘤状突起、变余波痕、隆脊构造、似正弦状脱水裂痕、纺锤状脱水裂痕、树枝状脱水裂痕、多边形脱水裂痕、曲形脱水裂痕、砂火山构造、微生物席砂片和似雨痕构造11个小类。微观分析显示:脊处纵切面显示U型、石英颗粒和黏土矿物条带定向排列、捕捉的云母颗粒不连续和近平行等特征,这些均表明其为微生物成因。研究区发育丰富的微生物成因构造,是二叠纪末灾变事件导致研究区陆地生态系统迅速退化,微生物大量繁殖而形成的,代表着以微生物群落为基础、后生生物少、钙质结核等特殊沉积发育的灾后陆地生态系统。通过对陆相微生物成因构造的研究,有助于人们全面了解二叠纪—三叠纪之交全球灾变事件在陆相环境中的具体表现,为认识微生物席在全球的空间分布提供新资料。

Microbially Induced Sedimentary Structures (MISS) are primary sedimentary structures that arise syndepositionally from microbial community activity. Especially valuable are MISS for the analysis of early Archean (and extraterrestrial) deposits. However, most reports of MISS have focused on the Precambrian and Phanerozoic mass extinction marine sediments, and only a few and terrestrial MISS have been studied. The MISS presented in this paper, which mainly consists of mat growth feature, mat destruction feature and mat decay feature, are well preserved in terrestrial clastic rocks around the P-T boundary in Xiyang area, western Henan. Large U ridges, oriented sand quartz, mica grains and thin clayey laminae arranged parallel to bedding plane are the main features visible under the microscope. Several lines of evidence indicate that the Xingyang MISS are of biogenic origin. Abundant MISS in Xingyang may indicate the degradation of terrestrial ecosystems and proliferation of microbial mats immediately after the severe Permian-Triassic mass extinction. Study aiming at MISS helps to analyze their space distribution in the globe and to probe into links between microbial proliferation and environmental stresses following the end-Permian mass extinction in terrestrial ecosystems.

中图分类号: 

图1 豫西荥阳地区地质背景简图及地层序列
Fig.1 Geological setting of study area and stratigraphic succession Premian-Triassic boundary in Xingyang, western He’nan
图2 豫西荥阳地区陆相二叠纪—三叠纪之交的微生物成因构造
(a)灰白色小瘤状突起;(b)灰白色小瘤状突起与似圆块疙瘩状突起共生;(c)暗紫红色瘤状突起;(d)隆脊构造;(e~f)变余波痕;(g)纺锤状脱水裂痕;(h)多边形脱水裂痕
Fig.2 Microbially Induced Sedimentary Structures in terrestrial Premian-Triassic boundary in Xingyang
(a)The offwhite small growth postulas;(b)The symbiotic offwhite small growth postulas and lump; (c)The dark purplish-red growth postulas;(d)Growth rigdes; (e~f)Palimpsest ripples; (g)The spindle-shaped cracks; (h)The polygonal desiccation cracks
图3 豫西荥阳地区陆相二叠纪—三叠纪之交的微生物成因构造
(a)大型多边形脱水裂痕;(b)曲形脱水裂痕;(c)树枝状脱水裂痕;(d)似正弦状脱水裂痕,(e)灰白色微生物席砂片;(f)紫红色微生物席砂片;(g)砂火山构造;(h)似雨痕构造
Fig.3 Microbially Induced Sedimentary Structures in terrestrial Premian-Triassic boundary in Xingyang
(a)Large polygonal desiccation cracks; (b)The curved desiccation cracks; (c)The dendritic desiccation cracks; (d)Manchuriophycus;(e)The offwhite microbial sand chips; (f)Purplish-red microbial sand chips; (g)Sand volcano; (h)Rain-print
图4 豫西荥阳地区陆相二叠纪—三叠纪之交的微生物成因构造镜下微观特征
(a)大U型脊(红色箭头所指);(b)暗色黏土矿物(SEM);(c)脊及围岩石英颗粒(红色箭头所指);(d)石英颗粒定向排列(红色箭头所指); (e)脊下石英颗粒定向排列(红色箭头所指);(f)黏土矿物广泛分布在岩石颗粒间隙;(g)脊边缘颗粒间较多的黏土矿物(红色箭头所指);(h)石英次生加大现象(绿色箭头所指)
Fig.4 Microscopic feature of Microbially Induced Sedimentary Structures in terrestrial Premian-Triassic boundary in Xingyang
(a)Large U ridges(red arrows); (b)Dark clay minerals(SEM); (c)The quartz grains in ridge and host rocks(red arrows); (d)Directed arrangement of quartz grains (red arrows); (e)Directed arrangement of quartz grains under ridges (red arrows); (f)Clay minerals in quartz grains;(g)More clay minerals in edge of rigde(red arrows); (h)Secondary enlargement of quartz(green arrows)
图5 豫西荥阳地区陆相二叠纪—三叠纪之交的微生物成因构造镜下微观特征2
(a)黏土矿物条带;(b)疑似定向排列的丝状体;(c~d)生长构造的多层黏土矿物层和缝隙(红色箭头所指);(e~f)破坏构造的黏土矿物条带;(g~h)不连续、近平行的云母颗粒(绿色箭头所指);(i)被微生物席生长携带、捕获的云母颗粒(红色箭头所指);(j)绢云母(红色箭头所指)
Fig.5 Microscopic feature of Microbially Induced Sedimentary Structures in terrestrial Premian-Triassic boundary in Xingyang
(a)Clay minerals stripe; (b)Directed arrangement of microbial filaments;(c~d)Clay minerals laminae and gap of the growth structure(red arrows);(e~f)Clay minerals stripe of the destruction structure; (g~h)Parallel and discontinuous mica grains(green arrows);(i)Trapping mica grains by Microbial mats(red arrows);(j)Sericite(red arrows)
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