地球科学进展 ›› 2014, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (7): 859 -864. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2014.07.0859

上一篇    下一篇

黔东北志留纪晚期小溪组沉积环境研究
马会珍, 王雪华   
  1. 贵州省地质调查院,贵阳,550005
  • 出版日期:2014-07-10
  • 基金资助:
    本文由国家地调局《贵州省地质系列图件编制与综合研究项目》(项目编码: 1212011120108);贵州省地矿局科研项目《黔东北地区志留系回星哨组(?)植物化石的发现及其地质意义》资助

A Study of the Sedimentary Environment of the Xiaoxi Formation in NE of Guizhou, China

Hui-zhen Ma, Xue-hua Wang   

  1. Guizhou Geological Survey, Guiyang 550005
  • Online:2014-07-10 Published:2014-07-10

黔东北印江合水和石阡乌谷溪的小溪组中发育良好的遗迹化石,经鉴定共计有5个属的遗迹化石:Palaeophycus isp.,Rusophycus isp.,Planolites isp.,Gordia isp.和 Phycodes isp.。根据遗迹化石的组合特征,该组合属于Cruziana遗迹相。结合2个剖面的沉积构造和砂岩粒度分析结果,认为小溪组的沉积环境为相对安静的平均低潮线以下的临滨带。

The Xiaoxi Formation is well developed in two sections (Heishui, Yinjiang and Wuguxi, Shiqian), NE of Guizhou, China.This formation is composed of the sandstones, siltstones and mudstones, and preserved with the depostional structures and trace fossils. This paper focuses on the study of the sedimentary environment of the Xiaoxi Formation based on the materials from these sections. Five ichospecies are identified from two sections, including Palaeophycus isp., Rusophycus isp., Planolites isp., Gordia isp. and Phycodes isp. These trace fossils belong to the Cruziana ichofacies, Based on the depositonal structures, the ichofaces and the result of particle size analysis, the sedimentary environment of the Xiaoxi Formation of Silurian in NE of Guizhou is nearshore zone with a relativealy and stable environment under the average low tide line.

中图分类号: 

图1 黔东北印江合水和石阡乌谷溪
Fig.1 Stratigraphic columns fromYinjiang Heshui and Wuguxi Shiqian,NE of Guizhou, China
图2 黔东北印江合水和石阡乌谷溪志留系剖面野外照片 (a)~(h)合水剖面:(a)第5层为顶部交错层、楔状层;(b)第 6层为薄—中厚层砂岩交错层理;(c)第7层为薄层砂岩和泥岩互层,砂岩底面发育平行层面的遗迹化石;(d)~(f)第7层Palaeophycus isp.; (g)~(h)第7层Phycodes isp.和Palaeophycus isp.;(i)~(l)乌谷溪剖面:(i)第4层楔状交错层理;(j)迴星哨组红层与小溪组砂岩界线;(k)第7层Rusophycus isp.;(l)第3层Palaeophycus isp.和Gordia isp.
Fig.2 The Silurian outcrops of Yinjiang Heshui and Wuguxi Shiqian,NE of Guizhou, China
表1 黔东北地区志留纪小溪组遗迹化石特征
Table 1 The characters of the trace fossils of the Xiaoxi Formation in Heshui and Wengguxi sections,NE of Guizhou,China
遗迹属 简单描述 产出层位 习性类型 造迹生物
Palaeophycus isp. 圆柱形或亚圆柱形,形态变异大,直径粗细不规则,潜穴直或略弯曲,表面多数光滑,一般多不分枝,偶有不规则分枝;充填物质不具构造,致密或成层性,充填物颜色成分与围岩相同;保存为砂岩底部凸起,与层面平行或斜交;直径3~5 mm,长2~5 cm 小溪组 居住迹? 多毛类或腹足类
Planolites isp. 柱形亚柱形潜穴, 直或微弯曲, 沿层面展布, 长度不一,潜穴不分支, 相互交切, 潜穴深度在2 mm以内,表现为表迹突起或表迹沟槽, 充填物比围岩颜色深 小溪组 觅食迹 多毛类或蠕虫类
Gordia isp. 光滑细长蠕形遗迹化石,宽度一致, 在1~2 mm, 沿层面分布, 不分支, 任意弯曲, 但不呈蛇曲, 与模式种的区别为层面上弯曲程度不大遗迹本身相互交切 小溪组 爬行迹 蠕虫动物
Rusophycus isp. 浅水平分布的短二叶型遗迹,呈卵圆形潜穴,先形成于泥质层面上为浅的凹痕,后被上覆砂泥充填,保存成为砂岩底层内膜凸起,宽度相当于长度的1/2或1/3,遗迹后部两叶相互平行并相互对应,中间有中沟,表面光滑,抓痕不明显;CruzianaRusophycus的区别是前者潜穴内模纵向延长,后者为椭圆形 小溪组 停息迹 三叶虫类
Phycodes isp. 标本整体呈掌状,标本长8~10 cm,主潜穴直径1 cm左右,次潜穴稍细0.8 cm左右,保存为表迹凸起,潜穴深度小于1 cm 小溪组 觅食迹 多毛类或蠕虫类
图3 石阡乌谷溪小溪组的累积频率曲线
Fig.3 Cumulative frequency curve of sandstone in the Xiaoxi Formation in Wuguxi Shiqian,NE of Guizhou, China
图4 黔东北小溪组的沉积环境模式图
Fig.4 The model of the sedimentary environment of the Xiaoxi Formation in NE of Guizhou, China
[1] Rong J Y, Chen X, Su Y Z, et al. Silurian paleogeography of China[C]∥Landing E, Johnson M E, eds. Silurian Lands and Seas-Paleogeography Outside of Laurentia. New York: New York State Museum Bulletin,2003, 493:243-298.
[2] Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaleontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Handbook of Stratigraphy and Palaleontology in Southwest of China[M].Beijing: Science Press,1974.
[中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所.西南地区地层古生物手册[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 1974.]
[3] Wang Yi, Rong Jiayu, Xu Honghe, et al. On the Late Silurian stratigraphy of the Zhangjiajie area, Hu’nan Province, with a discussion on age of the Xiaoxi Formation[J].Journal of Stratigraphy, 2010, 34(2):113-126.
[王怿, 戎嘉余, 徐洪河, 等. 湖南张家界地区志留纪晚期地层新见兼论小溪组的时代[J].地层学杂志,2010,34(2):113-126.]
[4] Wang Yi, Zhang Xiaole, Xu Honghe, et al. Discovery of the Late Silurian Xiaoxi Formation in the Xiushan area, Chongqing City, China, and the revision of the Huixingshao Formation[J]. Journal of Stratigraphy, 2011,35(2):113-121.
[王怿,张小乐, 徐洪河, 等. 重庆秀山志留系小溪组的发现与迴星哨组的厘定[J]. 地层学杂志,2011,35(2):113-121.]
[5] Wang Yi, Edwards D, Bassett M, et al. Enigmatic occurrence of Permian plant roots in Lower Silurian rocks, Guizhou Province, China[J]. Palaeontology, 2013, 56(4): 679-683, doi: 10.1111/pala.12019.
[6] Yang Shipu,Zhang Jianping,Yang Meifang,et al. Trace Fossils of China[M].Beijing: Science Press, 2004.
[杨式溥,张建平,杨美芳,等. 中国遗迹化石[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 2004.]
[7] Gong Yiming, Hu Bin, Lu Zongsheng, et al. Study of trace fossils in the past eighty years in China[J].Acta Palaleontological Sinica, 2009, 48(3): 322-337.
[龚一鸣, 胡斌, 卢宗盛, 等.中国遗迹化石研究80年[J]. 古生物学报, 2009, 48(3): 322-337.]
[8] Pembertons S G,Frey R W. Trace fossil Nomenclature and the Planolites_Palaeophycus Dilemma[J]. Journal of Paleontology, 1982, 56(4): 843-881.
[9] Ma Huizhen, Wang Xuehua, Jiao Huiliang, et al. Grain size characters and sedimentary environment of Upper Sandstone of Huixingshao formation in Heshui Profile in Yinjiang,Northeast Guizhou[J]. Guizhou Geology, 2011, 28(4):300-303.
[马会珍,王雪华,焦惠亮,等. 黔东北印江合水剖面“迴星哨组”上段砂岩的粒度特征及沉积环境讨论[J].贵州地质, 2011, 28(4):300-303.]
[10] North Shaanxi Team from Chengdu College of Geology. Grain Size Analysis and Its Application of SedImentary Rocks (Matter)[M].Beijing: Geological Publishing House,1978.
[成都地质学院陕北队.沉积岩(物)粒度分析及其应用[M].北京:地质出版社,1978. ]
[11] Gao Hongcan, Zheng Rongcai, Wei Qinlian, et al. Reviews on fluid propertiesand sedimentary characteristics of debris flowsand turbidity currents[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2012, 27(8):815-827.
[高红灿,郑荣才,魏钦廉,等.碎屑流与浊流的流体性质及沉积特征研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2012,27(8):815-827.]
[12] Hu Zuowei,Li Yun,Huang Sijing,et al. Reviews of the destruction and preservation of primary porosity in the sandstone reservoirs[J].Advances in Earth Science,2012,27(1) :14-25.
[胡作维,李云,黄思静,等. 砂岩储层中原生孔隙的破坏与保存机制研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2012,27(1) :14-25.]
[1] 孙华山,杨辉. 远喷口型 SEDEX铅锌矿床最新研究进展及发展趋势[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(7): 663-670.
[2] 关秀宇, 郭杰, 陈海燕, 修迪, 张运强. 冀北承德盆地奥陶纪冶里组叠层石的发现及沉积环境[J]. 地球科学进展, 2018, 33(5): 545-553.
[3] 沈传波, 刘泽阳, 肖凡, 胡迪, 杜嘉祎. 石油系统Re-Os同位素体系封闭性研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2015, 30(2): 187-195.
[4] 秦松, 孙传敏, 杨继友, 张伟, 尼玛次仁. 冈底斯东段色日绒地区冈瓦纳相冰海杂砾岩特征及其意义[J]. 地球科学进展, 2015, 30(11): 1239-1249.
[5] 常玉光, 白万备, 齐永安, 孙凤余, 王敏. 豫西寒武纪叠层石微生物化石组合及其沉积环境[J]. 地球科学进展, 2014, 29(4): 456-463.
[6] 李岩峰,曲国胜,张进. 弧形构造研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2007, 22(7): 708-715.
[7] 屈建军; 代枫年; 康国定; 王远萍; 张伟民. 鸣沙研究及其展望[J]. 地球科学进展, 1993, 8(4): 59-61.
[8] 李任伟. 分子地层学[J]. 地球科学进展, 1992, 7(2): 78-.
[9] 刘铁兵. 碳硫生物地球化学与沉积环境分析[J]. 地球科学进展, 1990, 5(3): 22-25.
阅读次数
全文


摘要