中美地理学近百年发展脉络的比较研究——基于《地理学报》和Annals of the Association of American Geographers 学术论文的统计分析

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2008.06.0553

基于《地理学报》和Annals of the Association of American Geographers学术论文的统计，对比近百年中美两国地理学的发展脉络，着重从总体特征、重点研究内容及其变化、理论—实践关系三方面对比异同，获得经验和借鉴。美国地理学经过初期发展、高速发展后，目前进入持续发展阶段；中国地理学在曲折中崛起，目前正处在高速发展时期。美国地理学中人文地理学一直居主导地位，中国则从重视自然地理开始逐渐向自然、人文、方法三足鼎立方向迈进；美国地理学家非常重视微观、中观实践，但在国家宏观决策中远没有中国地理学家发挥作用更直接。美国地理学研究水平高于中国，但这种差距正在缩小，研究方向的变化相差3~5年。世界地理研究中心有向亚太地区、向中国转移的可能，中国地理学家要勇于创建具有中国特色的地理学派。

关键词: 20世纪, 中国, 美国, 地理学, 比较研究

Based on the statistical analysis of all the articles of Acta Geographica Sinica and Annals of the Association of American Geographers, this paper carrys out comparative study on the development venation of Geography in China and America during the past hundred years. In order to get experiences and use for reference, differences between two countries in three aspects are emphasized on: general characteristic of geography, basilic study contents and their changes, and relationship between theory and practice. American Geography experiences preliminary development period and clipping development period, and now is in persistent development period, while Chinese Geography grows up circuitously and now is in clipping development period. Human Geography is the main study area and is chronically concentrated on in America, however, in China, physical geography is firstly focused on and then physical geography, human geography, and study methods all become important now. Although American geographers put much attention on practice, their effect on national macroscopical decision-making is not as direct as Chinese geographers. The study level of geography in America is much higher than it is in China, whereas the distance between them is getting smaller. Changes in study subject in China are about three to fives years later than that in America. It is conceivable that the Asia-Pacific Area or even China may become the center of geography study allover the world. Chinese geographers should have the courage to establish geography schools with Chinese characteristic.

Key words: The 20th century, China, America, Geography, Comparative study

中图分类号:

[1] Liu Ruiwen，Wu Dianting，Wu Qiaoxin. The venation of one-hundred years of development of geography in China—Based on the statistical analysis of articles in acta geographica sinica [J]. Advances in Earth Science，2006，21（9）: 938-947.[刘睿文，吴殿廷，吴巧新.中国近现代地理学发展脉络研究——基于《地理学报》学术论文的统计分析[J].地球科学进展，2006，21（9）：938-947.]

[2] Wu Qiaoxin，Wu Dianting，Liu Ruiwen，et al. The development venation of geography in america during the past hundred years—Based on the statistical analysis of Annals of the Association of American Geographers [J]. Advances in Earth Science，2007，22（11）:1 118-1 128.[吴巧新，吴殿廷，刘睿文，等.美国地理学百年发展脉络分析——基于Annals of the Association of American Geographers学术论文的统计分析[J]，地球科学进展， 2007，22（11）:1 118-1 128.]

[3] Wu Chuanjun，Shi Yafeng. Memoirist of Chinese Geography Development in the Past 90 Years [M]. Beijing:Academy Press，1999.[吴传钧，施雅风主编.中国地理学90年发展回忆录[M].北京：学苑出版社，1999.]

[4] Sun Gennian. Significant advantage and development tread of geography in china in 20^th Century [J]. Journal of Shaanxi Normal University（Natural Science Edition），1997，25（4）:84-90.[孙根年.20世纪中国地理学的重大进展及走向[J].陕西师范大学学报:自然科学版，1997，25（4）:84-90.]

[5] Song Changqing，Leng Shuying. Characteristic and trend of modern geography and progress of geographical research in China [J]. Advances in Earth Science，2005，20（6）:595-599.[宋长青，冷疏影.当代地理学特征、发展趋势及中国地理学研究进展[J].地球科学进展，2005，20（6）:595-599.]

[6] Melvin G Marcus. Coming full circle: Physical geography in the twentieth century [J]. Annals of the Association of American Geographers，1979，69:521-532.

[7] Arthur H Robinson. The necessity of weighting values in correlation analysis of areal data [J]. Annals of the Association of American Geographers，1956，46（2）:233-336.

[8] Leonard Zobler. Statistical testing of regional boundaries [J]. Annals of the Association of American Geographers，1957，47（1）:83-96.

[9] Arthur H-Robinson，Reid A Bryson. A method for describing quantitatively the correspondence of geographical distributions [J]. Annals of the Association of American Geographers，1957，47（4）:379-391.

[10] Spate O H K. Quantity and quality in geography [J]. Annals of the Association of American Geographers，1960，50（4）:377-394.

[11] Edwin N Thomas，David L Anderson. Additional comments on weighting values in correlation analysis of areal data [J]. Annals of the Association of American Geographers，1965，55（3）:492-504.

[12] Chen Xikang. Some mathematical economic models for allocation of productive forces [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica，1981，36（1）:1-12.[陈锡康.生产力布局的若干经济数学模型[J].地理学报，1981，36（1）:1-12.]

[13] Yang Wuyang，Liang Jinshe. The drawing regions，its models and delimitation [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica，1985，40（2）:97-108.[杨吾扬，梁进社.关于吸引范围及其模式与划分方法[J].地理学报，1985，40（2）:97-108.]

[14] Yu Wei. A systematic analysis of information interaction among the major cities of China [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica，1988，43（2）:141-149.[虞蔚.我国重要城市间信息作用的系统分析[J].地理学报，1988，43（2）:141-149.]

[15] Zhou Yixing，Bradeshaw R. The classification of industrial function of Chinese cities（including attached counties）—Theory，method and results [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica，1988，43（4）:287-298.[周一星，R.布雷德肖.中国城市（包括辖县）的工业职能分类——理论、方法和结果[J].地理学报，1988，43（4）:287-298.]

[16] Qian Xuesen. On the development of Geo-Science [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica，1989，44（3）:257-261. [钱学森.关于地学的发展问题[J].地理学报，1989，44（3）:257-261.]

[17] Jin Fengjun. Experimental research on spatial transportation linkage in China [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica，1991，46（1）:16-25.[金凤君.我国空间运输联系的实验研究[J].地理学报，1991，46（1）:16-25.]

[18] Liu Xiaojin，Mao Hanying，Wang Hongcai，et al. Application of system dynamics in regional development planning—A case study of Laizhou city，Shandong Province [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica，1991，46（2）:233-241.[刘小金，毛汉英，王洪才，等.系统动力学在区域发展规划中的应用——以山东省莱州市为例[J].地理学报，1991，46（2）:233-241.]

[19] Wang Zheng，Zhang Peiyuan，Liu Xiaolei. The spatial characteristics of natural disasters in China [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica，1995，50（3）:248-255. [王铮，张丕远，刘啸雷.中国自然灾害的空间分布特征[J].地理学报，1995，50（3）:248-255.]

[20] Xu Jiongxin. A study on the coupling relation between the water and sediment yield sub system and river channel deposition sub system: An example from the Yellow river [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica，1997，52（5）:421-429.[许炯心.黄河上中游产水产沙系统与下游河道沉积的耦合关系[J].地理学报，1997，52（5）:421-429.]

[21] Thomas J Wilbanks. “Sustainable Development” in geographic perspective [J]. Annals of the Association of American Geographers，1994，84（4）:541-556. 

[22] Zhang Sheng，Zhang Peiyuan，Wang Enyong，et al. Sustainable development and geography [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica，1994，49（2）:97-106.[章申，张丕远，王恩涌，等.笔谈：持续发展与地理学[J].地理学报，1994，49（2）: 97-106.]

[23] Cai Yunlong，Barry Smit. Sustainable agriculture and the Chinese perspective [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica，1995，50（2）:97-106.[蔡运龙，Barry Smit. 持续农业及其中国态势[J]. 地理学报，1995，50（ 2）: 97-106.]

[24] Hu Xuwei，Mao Hanying，Lu Dadao，et al. Problems and countermeasures of the sustainable socio-economic development in China’s coastal region [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica，1995，50（1）: 1-12.[胡序威，毛汉英，陆大道，等.中国沿海地区持续发展问题与对策[J]. 地理学报，1995，50（1）: 1-12.]

[25] Huang Bingwei. On earth system science and sustainable development strategy（1）[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica，1996，51（4）:350-354.[黄秉维.论地球系统科学与可持续发展战略科学基础（1）[J]. 地理学报，1996，51（4）: 350-354.]

[26] Xu Xiuyuan，Ge Quansheng，Zhang Peiyuan. Discussion on studies of earth system science and sustainable development strategy in China [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica，1996，51（4）:355-359.[许秀元，葛全胜，张丕远.中国地球系统科学研究与可持续发展战略探讨[J].地理学报，1996，51（4）: 355-359.]

[27] Rediscovering Geography Committee，Board on Earth Sciences and Resources，Commission on Geosciences，Environment，and Resources，National Research Council. Rediscovering Geography New Relevance for Science and Society [M]. Huang Runhua translted. Beijing: Academy Press，2002.[ 美国国家研究院地学、环境与资源委员会地球科学与资源局重新发现地理学编委会.重新发现地理学——科学和社会的新关联[Ｍ].黄润华，译.北京:学苑出版社，2002.]

[28] Zhou Yixing. Finding trend of geography study in america from the 94th AAG annual meeting [J]. Economic Geography，1998，18（4）:16-18.[周一星.从第94届AAG年会看美国地理学研究的若干动向[J].经济地理，1998，18（4）:16-18.]

[29] Lu Dadao，Cai Yunlong. Geography in China: As sciences of changing direction [J]. Advances in Earth Science，2001，16（4）:467-472.[陆大道，蔡运龙.我国地理学发展的回顾与展望——地理学:方向正在变化的科学[J].地球科学进展，2001，16（4）:467-472.]

[30] Qin Dahe，Ding Yihui，Wang Shaowu，et al. A study of environment change and its impacts in western china [J]. Earth Science Frontiers，2002，9（2）:321-328.[秦大河，丁一汇，王绍武，等.中国西部环境演变及其影响研究[J].地学前缘，2002，9（2）:321-328.] 

[31] Ye Duzheng，Chou Jifan，Liu Jiyuan，et al. Causes of sand-stormy weather in Northern China and contral measures [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica，2000，55（5）:513-521.[叶笃正，丑纪范，刘纪远，等.关于我国华北沙尘天气的成因与治理对策[J].地理学报，2000，55（5）:513-521.]

[32] Liu Changming. Ecological environment impact of the South-to-North water transfer project [J]. Haihe Water Resources，2002，（1）:1-5.[刘昌明.南水北调工程对生态环境的影响[J].海河水利，2002，（1）：1-5.]

[33] Zhang Jianmin，Huang Chaoyin，Wu Jindong. Climatic risk analysis of the three gorges project operation in dry season [J]. Quarterly Journal of Applied Meteorlolgy，2001，12（2）:218-225.[张建敏，黄朝迎，吴金栋.三峡工程建成后枯水期运行的气候风险研究.[J]应用气象学报，2001，12（2）:218-225.]

[34] Mao Hanying，Fang Chuanglin. The basic propositions of new roundterritorial planning and its improving way in China [J]. Geographical Research，2002，21（3）:267-275.[毛汉英，方创琳.我国新一轮国土规划编制的基本构想[J].地理研究，2002，21（3）:267-275.]

[35] Tuan Yifu. Surface phenomena and aesthetic experience [J]. Annals of the Association of American Geographers，1989，79:233-241.

[36] Lee Liu. Labor location，conservation，and land quality: The case of west Jilin，China [J]. Annals of the Association of American Geographers，1999，89:633-657.

[1]	魏梦美,符素华,刘宝元. 青藏高原水力侵蚀定量研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(7): 740-752.
[2]	范成新, 刘敏, 王圣瑞, 方红卫, 夏星辉, 曹文志, 丁士明, 侯立军, 王沛芳, 陈敬安, 游静, 王菊英, 盛彦清, 朱伟. 近 20年来我国沉积物环境与污染控制研究进展与展望[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(4): 346-374.
[3]	吴佳梅,彭秋志,黄义忠,黄亮. 中国植被覆盖变化研究遥感数据源及研究区域时空热度分析[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(9): 978-989.
[4]	李侠祥, 刘昌新, 王芳, 郝志新. 中国投资对“一带一路”地区经济增长和碳排放强度的影响[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(6): 618-631.
[5]	郭彦龙,赵泽芳,乔慧捷,王然,卫海燕,王璐坤,顾蔚,李新. 物种分布模型面临的挑战与发展趋势[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(12): 1292-1305.
[6]	刘凯,聂格格,张森. 中国 1951— 2018年气温和降水的时空演变特征研究[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(11): 1113-1126.
[7]	熊巨华,王佳,张晴,史云飞,官冬杰,耿豪鹏,王天富,张新林,李飞. 2020年度地理学基金项目评审与成果分析[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(11): 1137-1147.
[8]	谢彦君, 任福民, 李国平, 王铭杨, 杨慧. 影响中国双台风活动气候特征研究[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(1): 101-108.
[9]	郝志新,吴茂炜,张学珍,刘洋,郑景云. 过去千年中国年代和百年尺度冷暖阶段的干湿格局变化研究[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(1): 18-25.
[10]	张一诺,路紫,杜欣儒,董雅晴,张菁. 时空连续数据支持下的空域资源配置研究：评述与展望[J]. 地球科学进展, 2019, 34(9): 912-921.
[11]	蒋诗威,周鑫. 中国东南地区中世纪暖期和小冰期夏季风降水研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2019, 34(7): 697-705.
[12]	高峰,赵雪雁,宋晓谕,王宝,王鹏龙,牛艺博,王伟军,黄春林. 面向 SDGs的美丽中国内涵与评价指标体系[J]. 地球科学进展, 2019, 34(3): 295-305.
[13]	潘留杰, 张宏芳. NEX-BCC模式对秦岭及周边地区气候变化的模拟及预估[J]. 地球科学进展, 2018, 33(9): 933-944.
[14]	张宸嘉, 方一平, 陈秀娟. 基于文献计量的国内可持续生计研究进展分析[J]. 地球科学进展, 2018, 33(9): 969-982.
[15]	陈亮, 段建平, 马柱国. 大气环流形势客观分型及其与中国降水的联系[J]. 地球科学进展, 2018, 33(4): 396-403.

阅读次数

全文

摘要

Comparative Study on the Development Venation of Geography in China and America During the Past Hundred Years——Based on the Statistical Analysis of Acta Geographica Sinica and Annals of the Association of American Geographers