地球科学进展 ›› 2023, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (9): 916 -930. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2023.051

综述与评述 上一篇    下一篇

平流层准零风层的研究进展
史小康( ), 胡艳冰, 王攀峰, 张文军, 刘博   
  1. 北京航空气象研究所,北京 100085
  • 收稿日期:2023-04-01 修回日期:2023-07-21 出版日期:2023-09-10
  • 基金资助:
    高分辨率对地观测系统重大专项项目(GFZX0402180102)

Research Progress on the Stratospheric Quasi-Zero Wind Layer

Xiaokang SHI( ), Yanbing HU, Panfeng WANG, Wenjun ZHANG, Bo LIU   

  1. Beijing Aviation Meteorological Institute, Beijing 100085, China
  • Received:2023-04-01 Revised:2023-07-21 Online:2023-09-10 Published:2023-09-25
  • About author:SHI Xiaokang Senior engineer, research areas include aviation numerical weather prediction. E-mail: xk_shi@126.com
  • Supported by:
    the Major Special Proget of High Resolution Earth Observation System(GFZX0402180102);First author: SHI Xiaokang, Senior engineer, research areas include aviation numerical weather prediction. E-mail: xk_shi@126.com

平流层下部20 km高度附近的大气层在特定季节存在下层西风(东风)折转为上层东风(西风),且南北风分量很小的自然现象,这种纬向风的转换层称为平流层准零风层。平流层准零风层的低风速和风向变化的特点使其成为部署平流层飞艇和高空气球等弱动力或无动力临近空间飞行器的理想环境。针对国内外平流层准零风层的研究成果,归纳总结了平流层准零风层在北半球、中国及重点区域随时间变化的特征;系统分析了热成风原理、平流层准两年振荡、平流层爆发性增温、行星波涡动通量输送、南亚高压和副热带西风急流等因素对平流层准零风层形成的影响机理和特征;对比分析了MST雷达、激光雷达、探空火箭及高空气球等探测方法在平流层准零风层探测中的优缺点和部分探测事实;归纳总结了中层大气模式和数值天气模式在平流层准零风层预报中的优缺点,明确利用数值天气模式是当前开展平流层准零风层预报与气象保障的主要途径,平流层准零风层底高、厚度等诊断方案是定量化研究平流层准零风层精细结构及演变的基础;总结了基于平流层准零风层利用的飞行器工作原理;最后对未来科学研究的重点方向进行了展望。开展平流层准零风层研究进展回顾,对今后深入研究平流层准零风层以及平流层低速飞行器的部署和气象保障具有十分重要的意义。

At around 20 km height in the atmosphere, a natural phenomenon occurs, in which the lower westerly (easterly) zonal wind changes into the upper easterly (westerly) zonal wind during a specific season, while the meridional wind is very small. This transition layer of the zonal wind is called stratospheric Quasi-Zero Wind Layer (QZWL). The low speed and direction transition of the wind in the QZWL are beneficial for stratospheric airships, high-altitude balloons, and other weakly powered or unpowered near-space vehicles, allowing them to stay there for longer periods. The characteristics of the QZWL with time in the northern hemisphere, the entire China, and key regions in China were summarized based on the QZWL results. The influence mechanisms and characteristics of the thermal wind, stratospheric Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO), Stratospheric Sudden Warming (SSW), eddy flux transport of planetary wave, South Asia high and subtropical westerly jet on the QZWL formation were systematically analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of MST radar, laser radar, sounding rocket and upper-air balloon in QZWL detection and some relevant facts were compared and analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of middle atmosphere modeling and numerical weather modeling regarding QZWL forecasting were summarized. Numerical weather modeling is currently the main method for QZWL forecasting and meteorological support, and diagnostic schemes, such as the bottom height and thickness of the QZWL, are the basis for the quantitative study of the refined structure and evolution of the QZWL. The working principle of stratospheric vehicles using the QZWL is summarized. Finally, prospects regarding the key directions of future scientific research are presented. This review of the research progress on the QZWL will provide the basis for the future in-depth study of the QZWL and the deployment and meteorological support of stratospheric vehicles.

中图分类号: 

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